Efeitos dos exergames no desempenho motor e no tempo de reação de crianças com transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento: TEA e TDAH
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Data
2021-12-03
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Esta tese teve como objetivo geral verificar os efeitos dos exergames no desempenho motor e no tempo de reação de crianças com transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento. Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental com crianças entre 5 e 11 anos de idade com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) e, ou, Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH). O estudo foi realizado em duas cidades do interior de Minas Gerais. Os participantes foram avaliados pela Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor, com a finalidade de mensurar o desempenho motor; e pelo teste Tempo de Reação Simples RT/S1, para aferir o tempo de reação. O processo de coleta de dados envolveu sete momentos: (i) Avaliação das crianças em pré-intervenção; (ii) Encontros de monitoramento durante oito semanas, com duração de 35 a 40 minutos; (iii) Avaliação das variáveis; (iv) Aplicação de mais oito semanas de monitoramento; (v) Reavaliação do desempenho motor e do tempo de reação; (vi) Execução das intervenções com exergames durante oito semanas, com um encontro semanal de 35 a 45 minutos; e (vii) Avaliação final dos participantes. Os dados foram analisados pelo método estatístico JT, recomendado para pesquisas de intervenção em pequenos grupos e sem grupo controle. Os principais resultados indicaram que os exergames contribuíram com Mudança Positiva Confiável (MPC) no Quociente Motor Geral (QMG pré : 87.5/QMG pós : 102.32) e na idade motora geral (IMG pré : 70/IMG pós : 88) do participante com TEA, sendo as áreas motoras equilíbrio (QM pré : 52,5/QM pós : 104,65) e esquema corporal (IM pré : 60/IM pós : 96), enquanto na criança com TDAH se identificou uma MPC no equilíbrio (QM pré : 59,45/QM pós : 71.79) após a aplicação dos exergames. Na variável tempo de reação, a intervenção não ocasionou MPC em nenhum dos dois transtornos. O tempo motor para o participante com TDAH apresentou mudança negativa confiável desde a primeira etapa de monitoramento. As descobertas sugerem que o uso dos exergames parece refletir em melhorias nos aspectos motores do TEA e em menor intesidade do TDAH para os participantes deste estudo, no entanto o tempo de reação não foi influenciado pela intervenção em nenhum dos transtornos. Palavras-chave: Jogos de vídeo. Destreza Motora. Tempo de Reação. Exergames. Autismo. Déficit de atenção. Hiperatividade.
This thesis aimed to verify the effects of exergames on motor performance and reaction time in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is a quasi-experimental study with children between 5 and 11 years old, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study was conducted in two cities in the interior of Minas Gerais. Participants were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale in order to measure motor performance and by the Simple Reaction Time RT/S1 test to measure the reaction time. The data collection process involved seven moments; (i): Pre-intervention child assessment; (ii): monitoring meetings for eight weeks lasting from 35 to 40 minutes; (iii): evaluation of variables; (iv): application of another eight weeks of monitoring; (v): reassessment of motor performance and reaction time; (vi): execution of interventions with exergames for eight weeks, with a weekly meeting of 35 to 45 minutes; (vii): final evaluation of the participants. The data obtained were analyzed using the JT statistical method, recommended for intervention research in small groups and without a control group. The main results indicated that exergames contributed to a reliable positive change (MPC) in the general motor quotient (QMG pre : 87.5/QMG post : 102.32) and in the general motor age (IMG pre : 70/IMG post : 88) of the participant with ASD, being the balance motor areas (QM pre : 52.5/QM post : 104.65) and body schema (QM pre : 60/QM post : 96), while in the child with ADHD a MPC was identified in balance (QM pre : 59.45/QM post : : 71.79) after application of exergames. In the reaction time variable, the intervention did not cause MPC for any of the two disorders. Motor time for the ADHD participant had a reliable negative change from the first monitoring step. The findings suggest that the use of exergames seems to reflect improvements in motor aspects in ASD and in lower intensity in ADHD for the participants of this study, however, the reaction time was not influenced by the intervention in any of the disorders.Keywords: Video games. Motor Dexterity. Reaction Time. Exergames. Autism. Attention Deficit. Hyperactivity.
This thesis aimed to verify the effects of exergames on motor performance and reaction time in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. This is a quasi-experimental study with children between 5 and 11 years old, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study was conducted in two cities in the interior of Minas Gerais. Participants were evaluated by the Motor Development Scale in order to measure motor performance and by the Simple Reaction Time RT/S1 test to measure the reaction time. The data collection process involved seven moments; (i): Pre-intervention child assessment; (ii): monitoring meetings for eight weeks lasting from 35 to 40 minutes; (iii): evaluation of variables; (iv): application of another eight weeks of monitoring; (v): reassessment of motor performance and reaction time; (vi): execution of interventions with exergames for eight weeks, with a weekly meeting of 35 to 45 minutes; (vii): final evaluation of the participants. The data obtained were analyzed using the JT statistical method, recommended for intervention research in small groups and without a control group. The main results indicated that exergames contributed to a reliable positive change (MPC) in the general motor quotient (QMG pre : 87.5/QMG post : 102.32) and in the general motor age (IMG pre : 70/IMG post : 88) of the participant with ASD, being the balance motor areas (QM pre : 52.5/QM post : 104.65) and body schema (QM pre : 60/QM post : 96), while in the child with ADHD a MPC was identified in balance (QM pre : 59.45/QM post : : 71.79) after application of exergames. In the reaction time variable, the intervention did not cause MPC for any of the two disorders. Motor time for the ADHD participant had a reliable negative change from the first monitoring step. The findings suggest that the use of exergames seems to reflect improvements in motor aspects in ASD and in lower intensity in ADHD for the participants of this study, however, the reaction time was not influenced by the intervention in any of the disorders.Keywords: Video games. Motor Dexterity. Reaction Time. Exergames. Autism. Attention Deficit. Hyperactivity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Videogames e crianças, Capacidade motora, Tempo de reação
Citação
DINIZ, Elizangela Fernandes Ferreira Santos. Efeitos dos exergames no desempenho motor e no tempo de reação de crianças com transtorno do neurodesenvolvimento: TEA e TDAH. 2021. 170 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.
