Resgate e propagação vegetativa de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum
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2022-02-15
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Estudos relacionados com resgate e propagação vegetativa de espécies arbóreas nativas da Amazônia podem fornecer informações importantes para o estabelecimento da silvicultura clonal. Dentre as espécies arbóreas da Amazônia com expectativa para o estabelecimento da silvicultura clonal, pode-se citar a Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). Contudo, ainda é incipiente o conhecimento sobre a eficiência de técnicas para essa espécie que visam ao revigoramento e/ou rejuvenescimento, resgate e propagação clonal de materiais superiores. Portanto, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta do paricá e eficiência da aplicação das técnicas de decepa, enxertia, mergulhia de cepa e estaquia direta a campo. O trabalho foi dividido em três capítulos. Capítulo I: sazonalidade e altura de decepa na indução de brotações epicórmicas de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). Neste estudo, foram selecionadas árvores de paricá de cinco anos de idade e decepadas com corte do fuste em três alturas (0 = nível do colo; 10 cm de altura a partir do colo; e 30 cm de altura a partir do colo), sendo avaliadas as emissões de brotações epicórmicas em duas estações do ano (EC = estação chuvosa de dezembro a junho e; ES = estação seca de julho a novembro). Capítulo II: Resgate vegetativo de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá) via enxertia de campo e mergulhia de cepa. Para o experimento de enxertia, os tratamentos foram dois diâmetros de enxertos obtidos a partir de brotações basais induzidas pela decepa de árvores de paricá com cinco anos de idade. O tipo de enxertia aplicada foi a garfagem em fenda cheia, sendo realizada em porta-enxertos seminais produzidos via semeadura direta no campo. Quanto ao experimento de mergulhia de cepa, os tratamentos foram cinco doses de ácido indolbutírico (AIB), aplicadas na região anelada de brotações oriundas de cepas de paricá, realizando-se em seguida a amontoa com solo do entorno da cepa até 15 cm acima da parte anelada. Capítulo III: Propagação vegetativa de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá) via estaquia direta a campo. No experimento 1, o primeiro fator foi a redução foliar (SF = sem folha; PF = um par de folíolos; e FI = uma folha inteira). Para o experimento 2, o primeiro fator foi o uso de filme de parafina (sem e com Parafilm ® ). Para ambos os experimentos, o segundo fator foi as doses de AIB. As técnicas de decepa, enxertia e mergulhia de cepa de paricá demonstraram-se potenciais para a indução de brotações epicórmicas, rejuvenescimento e resgate vegetativo de árvores com cinco anos de idade. A técnica de estaquia direta a campo de paricá não obteve pleno êxito, visto que a maioria das estacas não sobreviveu no final do período de avaliação, indicando a necessidade de uso de mais tecnologias e remodelação para buscar compreender e atender as peculiaridades da espécie. Palavras-chave: Silvicultura clonal. Enxertia. Estaquia. Mergulhia. Paricá.
Studies related to vegetative rescue and propagation of Amazon native tree species can provide important information for the establishment of clonal forestry. Among the Amazon tree species with expectation for the establishment of clonal silviculture, we can mention Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). However, knowledge about the efficiency of techniques for this species that aim at reinvigoration and/or rejuvenation, rescue and clonal propagation of superior materials is still incipient. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the response of paricá and the efficiency of the application of the techniques of coppicing, grafting, mound layering and direct cutting to field. The work was divided into three chapters. Chapter I: Seasonality and height of coppicing in the induction of epicormic shoots of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá). In this study, five-year-old trees were selected and cut with a cut of the stem at the three height of coppicing (0 = root collar; 10 cm height from root collar; and 30 cm height from root collar), being evaluated the emission of epicormic shoots in two seasons (EC = rainy season from December to June and; ES = dry season from July to November). Chapter II: Vegetative rescue of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via field grafting and mound layering. For the grafting experiment, the treatments were two graft diameters obtained from basal shoots induced by the cutting of five-year-old paricá trees. Grafting type applied the cleft grafting, being carried out on rootstocks produced via direct sowing in the field. As for the mound layering experimente, the treatments were of five doses of indolebutyric acid (IBA), applied in the girdling region of shoots from paricá stump, taking place afterwards, heaped with soil the stump, covering 15 cm above the girdling. Chapter III: Vegetative propagation of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via direct cutting. In experiment 1, the first factor was leaf reduction (SF = no leaf; PF = one pair of leaflets; and FI = one whole leaf). For experiment 2, the first factor was the use of paraffin film (with and without Parafilm ® ). For both experiments, the second factor was the doses of IBA. The techniques of coppicing, grafting and mound layering of the paricá proved to be potential for the induction of epicormic shoots, rejuvenation and vegetative rescue of trees with five years old. The direct cutting technique in the paricá field was not completely successful, as the cuttings did not survive at the end of the evaluation period, indicating the need to use more technologies and remodeling in order to understand and meet the peculiarities of the species. Keywords: Clonal forestry. Cuttings. Grafting. Layering technique. Paricá.
Studies related to vegetative rescue and propagation of Amazon native tree species can provide important information for the establishment of clonal forestry. Among the Amazon tree species with expectation for the establishment of clonal silviculture, we can mention Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (paricá). However, knowledge about the efficiency of techniques for this species that aim at reinvigoration and/or rejuvenation, rescue and clonal propagation of superior materials is still incipient. Therefore, the general objective of this work was to evaluate the response of paricá and the efficiency of the application of the techniques of coppicing, grafting, mound layering and direct cutting to field. The work was divided into three chapters. Chapter I: Seasonality and height of coppicing in the induction of epicormic shoots of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá). In this study, five-year-old trees were selected and cut with a cut of the stem at the three height of coppicing (0 = root collar; 10 cm height from root collar; and 30 cm height from root collar), being evaluated the emission of epicormic shoots in two seasons (EC = rainy season from December to June and; ES = dry season from July to November). Chapter II: Vegetative rescue of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via field grafting and mound layering. For the grafting experiment, the treatments were two graft diameters obtained from basal shoots induced by the cutting of five-year-old paricá trees. Grafting type applied the cleft grafting, being carried out on rootstocks produced via direct sowing in the field. As for the mound layering experimente, the treatments were of five doses of indolebutyric acid (IBA), applied in the girdling region of shoots from paricá stump, taking place afterwards, heaped with soil the stump, covering 15 cm above the girdling. Chapter III: Vegetative propagation of Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonum (paricá) via direct cutting. In experiment 1, the first factor was leaf reduction (SF = no leaf; PF = one pair of leaflets; and FI = one whole leaf). For experiment 2, the first factor was the use of paraffin film (with and without Parafilm ® ). For both experiments, the second factor was the doses of IBA. The techniques of coppicing, grafting and mound layering of the paricá proved to be potential for the induction of epicormic shoots, rejuvenation and vegetative rescue of trees with five years old. The direct cutting technique in the paricá field was not completely successful, as the cuttings did not survive at the end of the evaluation period, indicating the need to use more technologies and remodeling in order to understand and meet the peculiarities of the species. Keywords: Clonal forestry. Cuttings. Grafting. Layering technique. Paricá.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Paricá - Propagação, Paricá - Conservação, Clonagem, Enxertia, Mergulhia
Citação
SALES, Agust. Resgate e propagação vegetativa de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum. 2022. 154 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.