Estudo sensorial e termodinâmico da interação entre a quinina e a proteína mucina: efeito da concentração e força iônica
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A percepção do gosto amargo é um processo complexo, que pode ser influenciado por vários fatores, dentre os quais se destacam as interações entre as proteínas presentes na saliva (como a mucina) e as moléculas presentes nos alimentos. Além disso, as condições do meio, como presença de sais e pH, influenciam nestas interações, podendo resultar em alterações na sensação sensorial percebida. Neste sentido, a técnica de microcalorimetria de titulação isotérmica foi utilizada para verificar a interação entre a quinina (QN), molécula promotora do gosto amargo, e a proteína mucina (MUC), em diferentes condições de pH (3,0 e 7,4) e de força iônica (0, 10, 50 e 100 mmol L-1 de cloreto de potássio - KCl). Além disso, foram determinados os efeitos da concentração da QN (0,04; 0,06; 0,08 e 0,1 mmol L-1) e da força iônica do meio (0, 10 e 50 mmol L-1 de KCl) na percepção do gosto amargo pela técnica Tempo-Intensidade. O estudo termodinâmico demonstrou que a QN interage com MUC, formando o complexo QN-MUC em pH 3,0 e 7,4 (?Gº = -45,38 ± 0,51 kJ mol-1 e ?Gº = -41,66 ± 0,29 kJ mol-1, respectivamente) apesar da presença de KCl. Em pH 3,0, a estequiometria de formação do complexo foi de 1:3 (QN-MUC), ou seja, cada molécula de QN interage com três de mucina, resultando assim na formação de um agregado proteico, devido à protonação do nitrogênio presente na estrutura química deste alcaloide, que reduz a repulsão eletrostática entre as proteínas. Já em pH 7,4, a estequiometria observada na interação foi de 1:1. A presença de sal não alterou a estequiometria de formação do complexo QN-MUC em pH 3,0. Em relação à avaliação sensorial, houve diferença significativa na intensidade máxima de percepção do gosto amargo das soluções de QN sem adição de KCl, verificando-se uma elevação do amargor com o aumento da concentração de QN. Além disso, para a intensidade máxima de percepção do gosto amargo, os avaliadores detectaram diferenças significativas entre as soluções de QN com adição de 10 mmol L-1 de KCl (p < 0,05). No entanto, para as soluções de QN com 50 mmol L-1 de KCl, este comportamento não foi observado. O efeito do sal na percepção do gosto amargo também foi avaliado para cada uma das quatro concentrações de QN. Para a solução 0,04 mmol L-1 de QN, a intensidade máxima do gosto amargo foi significativamente maior nas soluções contendo 50 mmol L-1 de KCl em comparação àquela sem KCl (p<0,05). Portanto, as interações QN e MUC são fortemente dependentes da concentração de QN e da presença de sais na solução, influenciando a percepção sensorial do gosto amargo. Palavras-chave: proteínas salivares; análise tempo-intensidade; microcalorimetria de titulação isotérmica
The perception of bitter taste is a complex process, which can be influenced by several factors, among which the interactions between proteins present in saliva (such as mucin) and molecules present in food stand out. In addition, environmental conditions, such as the presence of salts and pH, influence these interactions, which may result in changes in the perceived sensory sensation. In this sense, the isothermal titration microcalorimetry technique was used to verify the interaction between quinine (QN), a molecule that promotes the bitter taste, and mucin protein (MUC), under different pH conditions (3.0 and 7.4) and ionic strength (0, 10, 50 and 100 mmol L-1 of potassium chloride - KCl). In addition, the effects of QN concentration (0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 mmol L-1) and ionic strength of the medium (0, 10 and 50 mmol L-1 KCl) on bitter taste perception were determined by the Time- Intensity technique. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that QN interacts with MUC, forming the QN-MUC complex at pH 3.0 and 7.4 (?Gº = -45.38 ± 0.51 kJ mol-1 and ?Gº = -41.66 ± 0. 29 kJ mol-1, respectively) despite the presence of KCl. At pH 3.0, the complex formation stoichiometry was 1:3 (QN-MUC), that is, each QN molecule interacts with three mucin molecules, thus resulting in the formation of a protein aggregate, due to nitrogen protonation present in the chemical structure of this alkaloid, which reduces the electrostatic repulsion between proteins. At pH 7.4, the stoichiometry observed in the interaction was 1:1. The presence of salt did not alter the stoichiometry of QN-MUC complex formation at pH 3.0. Regarding the sensory evaluation, there was a significant difference in the maximum intensity of perception of the bitter taste of the QN solutions without the addition of KCl, verifying an increase in bitterness with the increase in the QN concentration. Furthermore, for the maximum intensity of bitter taste perception, the evaluators detected significant differences between the QN solutions with the addition of 10 mmol L-1 of KCl (p < 0.05). However, for QN solutions with 50 mmol L-1 of KCl, this behavior was not observed. The effect of salt on bitter taste perception was also evaluated for each of the four QN concentrations. For the 0.04 mmol L-1 QN solution, the maximum intensity of the bitter taste was significantly higher in the solutions containing 50 mmol L-1 KCl compared to the one without KCl (p<0.05). Therefore, QN and MUC interactions are strongly dependent on QN concentration and the presence of salts in the solution, influencing the sensory perception of bitter taste. Keywords: salivary microcalorimetry proteins; time-intensity analysis; isothermal titration
The perception of bitter taste is a complex process, which can be influenced by several factors, among which the interactions between proteins present in saliva (such as mucin) and molecules present in food stand out. In addition, environmental conditions, such as the presence of salts and pH, influence these interactions, which may result in changes in the perceived sensory sensation. In this sense, the isothermal titration microcalorimetry technique was used to verify the interaction between quinine (QN), a molecule that promotes the bitter taste, and mucin protein (MUC), under different pH conditions (3.0 and 7.4) and ionic strength (0, 10, 50 and 100 mmol L-1 of potassium chloride - KCl). In addition, the effects of QN concentration (0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.1 mmol L-1) and ionic strength of the medium (0, 10 and 50 mmol L-1 KCl) on bitter taste perception were determined by the Time- Intensity technique. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that QN interacts with MUC, forming the QN-MUC complex at pH 3.0 and 7.4 (?Gº = -45.38 ± 0.51 kJ mol-1 and ?Gº = -41.66 ± 0. 29 kJ mol-1, respectively) despite the presence of KCl. At pH 3.0, the complex formation stoichiometry was 1:3 (QN-MUC), that is, each QN molecule interacts with three mucin molecules, thus resulting in the formation of a protein aggregate, due to nitrogen protonation present in the chemical structure of this alkaloid, which reduces the electrostatic repulsion between proteins. At pH 7.4, the stoichiometry observed in the interaction was 1:1. The presence of salt did not alter the stoichiometry of QN-MUC complex formation at pH 3.0. Regarding the sensory evaluation, there was a significant difference in the maximum intensity of perception of the bitter taste of the QN solutions without the addition of KCl, verifying an increase in bitterness with the increase in the QN concentration. Furthermore, for the maximum intensity of bitter taste perception, the evaluators detected significant differences between the QN solutions with the addition of 10 mmol L-1 of KCl (p < 0.05). However, for QN solutions with 50 mmol L-1 of KCl, this behavior was not observed. The effect of salt on bitter taste perception was also evaluated for each of the four QN concentrations. For the 0.04 mmol L-1 QN solution, the maximum intensity of the bitter taste was significantly higher in the solutions containing 50 mmol L-1 KCl compared to the one without KCl (p<0.05). Therefore, QN and MUC interactions are strongly dependent on QN concentration and the presence of salts in the solution, influencing the sensory perception of bitter taste. Keywords: salivary microcalorimetry proteins; time-intensity analysis; isothermal titration
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EMILIANO, Gustavo dos Santos. Estudo sensorial e termodinâmico da interação entre a quinina e a proteína mucina: efeito da concentração e força iônica. 2022. 41 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
