Aplicação de nanopartículas de Fe/Ni suportadas em esferas de quitosana para tratamento de efluentes têxteis em reator de leito fixo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Este trabalho teve por objetivo degradar efluentes têxteis usando nanopartículas (NPs) de Fe/Ni depositadas em esferas de quitosana (NPs Fe/Ni-eQTS). Os resultados foram organizados em dois capítulos. No primeiro capítulo são descritos os resultados dos experimentos em batelada, enquanto que, no segundo, emprega-se um reator de leito fixo. No Capítulo 1, o vermelho direto 80 (VD 80) foi caracterizado demonstrando ser estável na faixa de pH estudado. As NPs Fe/Ni apresentaram tamanho nanométrico (< 50 nm) e capacidade de agregação. Estas foram aplicadas na remoção do VD 80 (10 g L-1), obtendo-se ~100% (dose: 1 g L-1, tempo: 5 min). As esferas QTS foram
sintetizadas, caracterizadas por suas propriedades físico-químicas (Grau de desacetilação: 79,11 ± 1,44 %; umidade: 93,4 ± 0,9 %; densidade: 1,05 ± 0,03 g / cm3; massa: 0,0196 ± 0,0013 g; diâmetro: 0,285 ± 0,063 cm), as técnicas FTIR e MEV comprovaram os grupos funcionais e a morfologia esférica. Em seguida, as NPs Fe/Ni foram depositadas em eQTS e estes metais quantificados, obtendo uma massa de 128 mg de Fe e 20 mg de Ni. Estes materiais foram aplicados na solução do VD 80 (10 mg L-1), obtendo uma remoção de ~ 80% (dose 1 g L-1, tempo: 15 min). Este processo ocorre via processos redutivo e adsortivo, simultaneamente. A solução tratada apresentou pH final 8,82, turbidez 132 NTU e concentração do VD 80 ~0,04 g L-1. Parte dos metais depositados foi lixiviado formando hidroxocomplexos, elevando a turbidez da solução. No Capítulo 2, o tratamento de efluente da indústria têxtil foi simulado
experimentalmente utilizando um reator de leito fixo preenchido por NPs Fe/Ni-eQTS. Preliminarmente, as NPs Fe/Ni-eQTS foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas por suas propriedades físico-químicas (densidade: 1,19 ± 0,35 g / cm3; massa: 0,0233 ± 0,004 g; diâmetro: 0,341 ± 0,032 cm). Foram realizados testes em batelada com NPs Fe/Ni dispersas ou depositadas, obtendo-se 100% de remoção em 10 e 20 minutos, respectivamente. O reator de leito fixo construído apresentava 1174 m2 de área
superficial e 0,697 de porosidade. O tratamento do efluente bruto por NPs Fe/Ni-eQTS apresentou ~70% de remoção (tempo: 11 h, volume: 5 L). A remoção de cor ADMI (~91 %) foi superior a de DQO (~24 %), remetendo que o processo ocorre tanto por adsorção como por degradação. O efluente tratado apresentou toxicidade aguda reduzida quando comparado ao efluente bruto (87 % menor). O tratamento em reator de
leito fixo apresentou um custo de R$0,27/L. Esses resultados mostraram que as NPs Fe/Ni-eQTS aplicadas em reator mostraram-se eficientes para tratar o efluente quanto
aos parâmetros estudados.
This work aimed to degrade textile effluents using Fe/Ni nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on chitosan spheres (Fe/Ni NPs-eQTS). The results were organized into two chapters. In the first chapter the results of the batch experiments are described, while in the second, a fixed bed reactor is used. In Chapter 1, direct red 80 (DR 80) was characterized, showing to be stable on the pH range studied. Fe/Ni NPs presented nanometric size (< 50 nm) and aggregation capacity. These materials were applied in the removal of DR 80, obtaining ~ 100% (dose: 1 g L-1, time: 5 min). The QTS spheres were synthesized, characterized by their physicochemical properties (Deacetylation degree: 79.11 ± 1.44%, humidity: 93.4 ± 0.9 %, density: 1.05 ± 0.03 g/cm3, mass: 0.0196 ± 0.0013 g, diameter: 0.285 ± 0.063 cm), the FTIR and SEM techniques proved the functional groups and spherical morphology. Then, Fe/Ni NPs were deposited in mQTS and these metals quantified, obtaining a mass of 128 mg of Fe and 20 mg of Ni. These materials were applied to the DR 80 solution (10 mg L-1), obtaining a ~ 80% removal (dose 1 g L- , time: 15 min). This process occurs by reductive and adsorptive processes, simultaneously. The treated solution had final pH 8.82, turbidity 132 NTU and concentration of the DR 80 ~0.04 g L-1. Part of the deposited metals was leached to form hydroxocomplexes, increasing the solution turbidity. In Chapter 2, the effluent treatment of the textile industry was experimentally simulated using a fixed bed reactor filled with Fe/Ni-mQTS. Preliminarily, Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs were synthesized and characterized by their physicochemical properties (density: 1.190 ± 0.35 g/cm3, mass: 0.0233 ± 0.004 g, diameter: 0.341 ± 0.032 cm). Batch tests were performed with Fe/Ni NPs and with deposited ones, obtaining 100% removal in 10 and 20 minutes, respectively. The fixed bed reactor constructed has 1174 m2 of surface area and 0.697 of porosity. Treatment of raw effluent by Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs obtained ~ 70% removal (time: 11 h, volume: 5 L). The removal of ADMI color (~ 91%) was higher than that of COD (~ 24%), noting that the process occurs both by adsorption and by degradation. The treated effluent presented reduced acute toxicity when compared to raw effluent (87% lower). The treatment in a fixed bed reactor presented a cost of R$ 0.27/L. These results showed that Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs applied in the reactor were efficient to treat the effluent on the studied parameters.
This work aimed to degrade textile effluents using Fe/Ni nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on chitosan spheres (Fe/Ni NPs-eQTS). The results were organized into two chapters. In the first chapter the results of the batch experiments are described, while in the second, a fixed bed reactor is used. In Chapter 1, direct red 80 (DR 80) was characterized, showing to be stable on the pH range studied. Fe/Ni NPs presented nanometric size (< 50 nm) and aggregation capacity. These materials were applied in the removal of DR 80, obtaining ~ 100% (dose: 1 g L-1, time: 5 min). The QTS spheres were synthesized, characterized by their physicochemical properties (Deacetylation degree: 79.11 ± 1.44%, humidity: 93.4 ± 0.9 %, density: 1.05 ± 0.03 g/cm3, mass: 0.0196 ± 0.0013 g, diameter: 0.285 ± 0.063 cm), the FTIR and SEM techniques proved the functional groups and spherical morphology. Then, Fe/Ni NPs were deposited in mQTS and these metals quantified, obtaining a mass of 128 mg of Fe and 20 mg of Ni. These materials were applied to the DR 80 solution (10 mg L-1), obtaining a ~ 80% removal (dose 1 g L- , time: 15 min). This process occurs by reductive and adsorptive processes, simultaneously. The treated solution had final pH 8.82, turbidity 132 NTU and concentration of the DR 80 ~0.04 g L-1. Part of the deposited metals was leached to form hydroxocomplexes, increasing the solution turbidity. In Chapter 2, the effluent treatment of the textile industry was experimentally simulated using a fixed bed reactor filled with Fe/Ni-mQTS. Preliminarily, Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs were synthesized and characterized by their physicochemical properties (density: 1.190 ± 0.35 g/cm3, mass: 0.0233 ± 0.004 g, diameter: 0.341 ± 0.032 cm). Batch tests were performed with Fe/Ni NPs and with deposited ones, obtaining 100% removal in 10 and 20 minutes, respectively. The fixed bed reactor constructed has 1174 m2 of surface area and 0.697 of porosity. Treatment of raw effluent by Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs obtained ~ 70% removal (time: 11 h, volume: 5 L). The removal of ADMI color (~ 91%) was higher than that of COD (~ 24%), noting that the process occurs both by adsorption and by degradation. The treated effluent presented reduced acute toxicity when compared to raw effluent (87% lower). The treatment in a fixed bed reactor presented a cost of R$ 0.27/L. These results showed that Fe/Ni-eQTS NPs applied in the reactor were efficient to treat the effluent on the studied parameters.
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Citation
CRUZ, Felipe Santana de Oliveira. Aplicação de nanopartículas de Fe/Ni suportadas em esferas de quitosana para tratamento de efluentes têxteis em reator de leito fixo. 2018.88 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.
