Modelos independentes da idade para previsão do diâmetro de espécies de floresta de várzea alta da Amazônia Central
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Áreas alagáveis da Amazônia, constituem ecossistemas únicos, e cobrem cerca de 30% do bioma, sendo 5,27% desta cobertura composta por florestas de várzea. Essas Florestas são ecossistemas produtivos e diversos, e tem importância central para a subsistência e cultura das populações tradicionais amazônicas. O crescimento das árvores nestes ambientes é essencialmente estruturado pelo pulso de inundação sazonal monomodal, que influencia a disponibilidade de recursos e determina as estratégias adaptativas das espécies arbóreas. Apesar da relevância ecológica e socioeconômica das várzeas amazônicas, o manejo florestal nestes ambientes ainda segue critérios generalistas estabelecidos por regulamentações brasileiras, com diâmetro mínimo de corte (DMC) único de 50 cm e ciclos de corte (CC) padronizados entre 10 e 35 anos. Esta abordagem desconsidera as diferenças substanciais nas taxas de crescimento entre espécies, e nas especificidades ambientais de cada sítio, podendo resultar tanto em subaproveitamento de espécies de crescimento rápido quanto em sobre-exploração de espécies de crescimento lento. Esta dissertação estrutura-se em dois capítulos que visam contribuir para preenchimento destas lacunas de conhecimento. No Capítulo 1, apresentam-se os fundamentos metodológicos mediante ajuste e validação de funções de crescimento de Lundqvist e de Richards em forma independente da idade. Os modelos foram calibrados a partir de dados de seis parcelas permanentes de um hectare cada (6 hectares) da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, com medições sequenciais entre 2013 e 2022. Os modelos incorporam índices de competição local (área basal por parcela) e demonstraram alto desempenho na reprodução do crescimento comunitário, com coeficiente de determinação ajustado superior a 0,99 e erro quadrático médio em torno de 6%, indicando adequação às condições hidrológicas e estruturais da área de estudo. No Capítulo 2, aplicam-se os modelos validados especificamente para duas espécies madeireiras de grande relevância ecológica e socioeconômica: Hura crepitans e Pouteria glomerata. A análise comparativa do desempenho dos modelos e das trajetórias de crescimento projetadas revelou dinâmicas contrastantes: H. crepitans demandou ciclos de corte (DMC = 50 cm) variando entre 40,0 e 68,8 anos, enquanto P. glomerata apresentou ciclos mais uniformes entre 14,4 e 24,9 anos. Estes ciclos contrastam significativamente com regulamentações atuais padronizadas, oferecendo alternativa técnica fundamentada no conceito de Growth- Oriented Logging (GOL) para implementação de manejo florestal sustentável verdadeiramente adaptado às realidades ecológicas e socioeconômicas locais. A transferência destes conhecimentos para comunidades tradicionais e órgãos gestores de unidades de conservação constitui contribuição direta para conservação e uso sustentável dos recursos florestais da Amazônia. Palavras-chave: florestas inundáveis, modelagem do crescimento, Growth-Oriented Logging
Specific floodplain forests are unique ecological ecosystems that cover approximately 30% of the Amazon biome, with 5.27% of this coverage composed of these forests. They are productive and diverse ecosystems, and are of central importance for the subsistence and culture of traditional Amazonian populations. Tree growth in these environments is essentially structured by the monomodal seasonal flood pulse, which influences resource availability and determines the adaptive strategies of tree species. Despite the ecological and socioeconomic relevance of Amazonian floodplains, forest management in these environments still follows generalist criteria established by Brazilian regulations, with a single minimum cutting height (MCH) of 50 cm and standardized cutting cycles (CC) between 10 and 35 years. This approach disregards the substantial differences in growth rates between species, and the environmental specificities of each site, which can result in both the under-approval of fast-growing species and the overexploitation of slow-growing species. This dissertation is structured in two chapters that aim to contribute to filling these knowledge gaps. Chapter 1 presents the methodological foundations through adjustment and validation of the Lundqvist and Richards growth functions in an age- independent manner. The models were calibrated using data from six permanent one-hectare plots (6 hectares in total) of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, with sequential data between 2013 and 2022. The models incorporate local competition indices (basal area per plot) and high-performance efficiency in the reproduction of community growth, with a defined coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 and a root mean square error of around 6%, considering the hydrological and structural conditions of the study area. In Chapter 2, the validated models are applied specifically to two timber species of great ecological relevance: Hura crepitans and Pouteria glomerata. A comparative analysis of the performance of the models and the projected growth trajectories revealed contrasting dynamics: H. crepitans required cutting cycles (DMC = 50 cm) ranging from 10.0 to 17.2 years, while P. glomerata presented more uniform cycles between 7.5 and 8.0 years. These cycles contrasted significantly with current standardized regulations, offering a technical alternative based on the concept of Growth-Oriented Logging (GOL) for the implementation of truly sustainable forest management adapted to local ecological and socioeconomic realities. The transfer of this knowledge to traditional communities and management bodies of conservation units constitutes a direct contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of Amazonian forest resources. Keywords: floodplain forests, growth modeling, Growth-Oriented Logging
Specific floodplain forests are unique ecological ecosystems that cover approximately 30% of the Amazon biome, with 5.27% of this coverage composed of these forests. They are productive and diverse ecosystems, and are of central importance for the subsistence and culture of traditional Amazonian populations. Tree growth in these environments is essentially structured by the monomodal seasonal flood pulse, which influences resource availability and determines the adaptive strategies of tree species. Despite the ecological and socioeconomic relevance of Amazonian floodplains, forest management in these environments still follows generalist criteria established by Brazilian regulations, with a single minimum cutting height (MCH) of 50 cm and standardized cutting cycles (CC) between 10 and 35 years. This approach disregards the substantial differences in growth rates between species, and the environmental specificities of each site, which can result in both the under-approval of fast-growing species and the overexploitation of slow-growing species. This dissertation is structured in two chapters that aim to contribute to filling these knowledge gaps. Chapter 1 presents the methodological foundations through adjustment and validation of the Lundqvist and Richards growth functions in an age- independent manner. The models were calibrated using data from six permanent one-hectare plots (6 hectares in total) of the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, with sequential data between 2013 and 2022. The models incorporate local competition indices (basal area per plot) and high-performance efficiency in the reproduction of community growth, with a defined coefficient of determination greater than 0.99 and a root mean square error of around 6%, considering the hydrological and structural conditions of the study area. In Chapter 2, the validated models are applied specifically to two timber species of great ecological relevance: Hura crepitans and Pouteria glomerata. A comparative analysis of the performance of the models and the projected growth trajectories revealed contrasting dynamics: H. crepitans required cutting cycles (DMC = 50 cm) ranging from 10.0 to 17.2 years, while P. glomerata presented more uniform cycles between 7.5 and 8.0 years. These cycles contrasted significantly with current standardized regulations, offering a technical alternative based on the concept of Growth-Oriented Logging (GOL) for the implementation of truly sustainable forest management adapted to local ecological and socioeconomic realities. The transfer of this knowledge to traditional communities and management bodies of conservation units constitutes a direct contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of Amazonian forest resources. Keywords: floodplain forests, growth modeling, Growth-Oriented Logging
Description
Keywords
Florestas de várzea – Amazônia, Manejo florestal sustentável – Ciclos de corte, Modelos independentes da idade – Crescimento florestal, Modelagem do crescimento – Árvores, Diâmetro mínimo de corte, Hura crepitans – Crescimento, Pouteria glomerata – Crescimento, Parcelas permanentes – Inventário florestal, Pulso de inundação – Ecossistemas, Mamirauá – Manejo florestal
Citation
SILVA, Ingrid Bianca Ferreira da. Modelos independentes da idade para previsão do diâmetro de espécies de floresta de várzea alta da Amazônia Central. 2025. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
