Green tea kombucha: chemical characterization, phenolic profile, bioactive properties and stability during storage
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A kombucha é uma bebida à base de chá que é fermentada por um consórcio simbiótico de bactérias e leveduras denominado SCOBY, no qual se utiliza como substrato o chá de Camellia sinensis açucarado. O consumo regular de kombucha pode gerar benefícios à saúde devido às suas propriedades bioativas, como, por exemplo, atividade anticâncer, antimalárica, anti- hipertensiva, modulação da microbiota intestinal, entre outros. Contudo, não foram encontrados trabalhos que avaliem o potencial bioativo e a vida de prateleira de kombucha utilizando chá verde (Camellia sinensis) produzido em território brasileiro. Assim, os objetivos do presente estudo consistiram em realizar uma revisão de literatura (capítulo 1), caracterização físico-química, microbiológica, perfil de fenólicos, fenólicos totais e atividades bioativas in vitro (capítulo 2), além de avaliar as alterações físico-químicas, microbiológicas, teor de açúcares residuais (sacarose, glicose, frutose) e fenólicos totais da kombucha de chá verde mantida sob refrigeração a 4º C por 120 dias (capítulo 3). Um total de 92 compostos fenólicos foram identificados na kombucha de chá verde, sendo a maioria pertencente à classe dos flavonoides. Esse rico perfil de fenólicos auxiliou a explicar as propriedades bioativas verificadas. A kombucha exerceu atividade antimalárica contra cepas de P. falciparum sentíveis (3D7) e não sensíveis (W2) ao medicamento cloroquina. Ela também apresentou atividades antiproliferativas contra células epiteliais de adenocarcinoma (A549), células de carcinoma de cólon humano (HCT8), células de câncer de fígado humano (HepG2) e baixa toxicidade para células endoteliais da veia umbilical humana (HUVEC) e fibroblastos pulmonares humanos normais (IMR90). Além disso, desempenhou uma proteção dose- dependente aos eritrócitos, evitando sua hemólise, e foi capaz de reduzir a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) intracelular. Durante a vida de prateleira (capítulo 3), em geral as propriedades da bebida permaneceram estáveis nos padrões da legislação. Entretanto, a acidez volátil aumentou ao longo desse período possivelmente devido à contribuição de outros ácidos minoritários, ou até mesmo acetato de etila. Ao longo dos 120 dias ocorreu hidrólise de 50% da sacarose residual, refletindo em um aumento da glicose, mas de forma interessante com a frutose constante, o que indica o consumo desta. Os microrganismos presentes na kombucha tiveram uma redução significativa que foi atribuída à temperatura e ao ambiente de armazenamento. De forma geral, a kombucha produzida com chá verde (Camellia Sinensis) cultivado em território brasileiro se mostrou promissora ao desempenhar de forma satisfatória todas as propriedades bioativas testadas e ao mesmo tempo, a bebida seguiu os padrões de identidade e qualidade pela legislação vigente ao longo dos 120 dias. Assim, pode-se concluir que a troca do chá importado pelo chá nacional pode ser uma alternativa para reduzir os custos de produção da bebida sem causar perdas no potencial bioativo e/ou seguimento na legislação vigente. Palavras-chave: Kombucha; Compostos fenólicos; Propriedades bioativas; Vida de prateleira.
Kombucha is a tea-based beverage fermented by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), using sweetened Camellia Sinensis tea as a substrate. Regular consumption of kombucha may offer health benefits due to its bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antimalarial, antihypertensive, and modulation of intestinal microbiota, among others. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the bioactive potential and shelf life of kombucha using green tea (Camellia Sinensis) produced in Brazilian territory. The objectives of this study included a literature review (chapter 1), physical-chemical and microbiological characterization, phenolic profile, total phenolics, and in vitro bioactive activities (chapter 2). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the physical-chemical changes, microbiological aspects, residual sugar content (sucrose, glucose, fructose), and total phenolics of green tea kombucha kept under refrigeration at 4°C for 120 days (chapter 3). A total of 92 phenolic compounds were identified in green tea kombucha, with the majority belonging to the flavonoid class. This rich phenolic profile helped explain the observed bioactive properties. Kombucha exhibited antimalarial activity against sensitive (3D7) and non-sensitive (W2) strains of P. falciparum, as well as antiproliferative activities against adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549), human colon carcinoma cells (HCT8), and human liver cancer cells (HepG2), with low toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal human lung fibroblasts (IMR90). Additionally, it provided dose-dependent protection to erythrocytes, preventing hemolysis, and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Throughout the shelf life (chapter 3), the beverage's properties generally remained stable within legal standards. However, volatile acidity increased, possibly due to the contribution of other minor acids or even ethyl acetate. Over the 120 days, 50% of residual sucrose underwent hydrolysis, resulting in increased glucose, while fructose remained constant, indicating its consumption. The microorganisms present in kombucha experienced a significant reduction attributed to temperature and storage conditions. In summary, kombucha produced with green tea (Camellia Sinensis) grown in Brazilian territory showed promising results, satisfactorily displaying all tested bioactive properties. Simultaneously, the beverage complied with identity and quality standards set by current legislation over the 120 days. Therefore, replacing imported tea with domestically grown tea could be an alternative to reduce production costs without compromising bioactive potential or compliance with current regulations. Keywords: Kombucha; Phenolic compounds; Bioactive properties; Shelf life.
Kombucha is a tea-based beverage fermented by a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY), using sweetened Camellia Sinensis tea as a substrate. Regular consumption of kombucha may offer health benefits due to its bioactive properties, such as anticancer, antimalarial, antihypertensive, and modulation of intestinal microbiota, among others. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the bioactive potential and shelf life of kombucha using green tea (Camellia Sinensis) produced in Brazilian territory. The objectives of this study included a literature review (chapter 1), physical-chemical and microbiological characterization, phenolic profile, total phenolics, and in vitro bioactive activities (chapter 2). Additionally, the study aimed to assess the physical-chemical changes, microbiological aspects, residual sugar content (sucrose, glucose, fructose), and total phenolics of green tea kombucha kept under refrigeration at 4°C for 120 days (chapter 3). A total of 92 phenolic compounds were identified in green tea kombucha, with the majority belonging to the flavonoid class. This rich phenolic profile helped explain the observed bioactive properties. Kombucha exhibited antimalarial activity against sensitive (3D7) and non-sensitive (W2) strains of P. falciparum, as well as antiproliferative activities against adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549), human colon carcinoma cells (HCT8), and human liver cancer cells (HepG2), with low toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and normal human lung fibroblasts (IMR90). Additionally, it provided dose-dependent protection to erythrocytes, preventing hemolysis, and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Throughout the shelf life (chapter 3), the beverage's properties generally remained stable within legal standards. However, volatile acidity increased, possibly due to the contribution of other minor acids or even ethyl acetate. Over the 120 days, 50% of residual sucrose underwent hydrolysis, resulting in increased glucose, while fructose remained constant, indicating its consumption. The microorganisms present in kombucha experienced a significant reduction attributed to temperature and storage conditions. In summary, kombucha produced with green tea (Camellia Sinensis) grown in Brazilian territory showed promising results, satisfactorily displaying all tested bioactive properties. Simultaneously, the beverage complied with identity and quality standards set by current legislation over the 120 days. Therefore, replacing imported tea with domestically grown tea could be an alternative to reduce production costs without compromising bioactive potential or compliance with current regulations. Keywords: Kombucha; Phenolic compounds; Bioactive properties; Shelf life.
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LACERDA, Udielle Vermelho. Green tea kombucha: chemical characterization, phenolic profile, bioactive properties and stability during storage. 2024. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
