Análise de estabilidade tridimensional e bidimensional em uma pilha de rejeito filtrado de grandes dimensões
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Diante do aumento na geração de rejeitos de mineração, associados à legislação cada vez mais restritiva, as mineradoras brasileiras tem buscado por alternativas mais seguras para disposição do material. Uma das soluções mais recentemente empregadas é o empilhamento à seco, que até então, não apresenta um estado da arte consolidado quanto à sua execução em climas úmidos como o do Brasil. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho visou realizar análises de estabilidade 3D e 2D por abordagens determinísticas e probabilísticas de um empilhamento projetado com 161 m de altura mediante determinação dos parâmetros de resistência dos rejeitos filtrados e compactados. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios de compressão triaxial drenados (CID) e não drenados (CIU) em corpos de prova de rejeito de minério de ferro compactados estaticamente nos graus de compactação de 93%, 95%, 97% e 100% do Proctor Normal e submetidos aos ensaios nas tensões confinantes de 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 400 kPa, 800 kPa, 1600 kPa e 1900 kPa. A estrutura foi avaliada quanto às condições normais de carregamento, bem como de situações de colmatação do sistema de drenagem, saturação de camada homogênea, próximo à base da estrutura com comportamento não drenado, solicitação pseudoestática não drenada e saturação superficial do maciço. As respostas obtidas do modelo se mostraram pouco sensíveis às variações de grau de compactação, o que não significa que o rejeito terá o mesmo comportamento quanto à suscetibilidade à liquefação, conforme as trajetórias de tensão obtidas pelos ensaios triaxiais. Com exceção da condição de saturação da camada basal com comportamento não drenado, todos os resultados foram satisfatórios quanto à estabilidade. Para o caso não atendido, entende-se que a solicitação modelada é bastante conservadora e dificilmente ocorrerá em campo nesta magnitude, mas implica em monitoramentos constantes para garantir que esta condição não se materialize. Palavras-chave: Empilhamento à seco. Modelo tridimensional. Análise Probabilística. Grau de compactação. Minério de ferro. Índice de Confiabilidade. Parâmetros de resistência.
Given the tailings generation growth associated with increasingly restrictive legislation, Brazilian mining companies are looking for safer alternatives for the material disposal. One of the most recently used solutions is dry stacking, which until then, does not have a consolidated state of art regarding its execution in tropical humid climates countries such as Brazil. In this context, this research aimed to carry out 3D and 2D deterministic and probabilistic stability analyzes of a stack designed with 161 m height by determining the strength parameters of the filtered and compacted tailings. For this purpose, drained (CID) and undrained (CID) triaxial compression tests were carried out on statically compacted specimens of iron ore tailings at degrees of compaction of 93%, 95%, 97% and 100% of Standard Proctor and subjected to tests at the confining stresses of 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 400 kPa, 800 kPa, 1600 kPa and 1900 kPa. The structure was evaluated in terms of normal loading conditions, as well as situations such as clogging of the drainage system, saturation of a homogeneous layer near the base of the structure with undrained behavior, undrained pseudostatic condition and surface saturation of the massif. The responses obtained from the model were not very sensitive to variations in the degree of compaction, which does not mean that the tailings will have the same behavior in terms of susceptibility to liquefaction, according to the stress trajectories obtained by the triaxial tests. Except for the condition of saturation of the basal layer with undrained behavior, all the results were satisfactory in terms of stability. For the unmet case, it is understood that the modeled situation is quite conservative and will hardly occur in field in this magnitude, but it implies constant monitoring to ensure that this condition does not materialize. Keywords: Dry stack. Three-dimensional model. Probabilistic analysis. Degree of compaction. Iron ore. Reliability Index. Resistance parameters.
Given the tailings generation growth associated with increasingly restrictive legislation, Brazilian mining companies are looking for safer alternatives for the material disposal. One of the most recently used solutions is dry stacking, which until then, does not have a consolidated state of art regarding its execution in tropical humid climates countries such as Brazil. In this context, this research aimed to carry out 3D and 2D deterministic and probabilistic stability analyzes of a stack designed with 161 m height by determining the strength parameters of the filtered and compacted tailings. For this purpose, drained (CID) and undrained (CID) triaxial compression tests were carried out on statically compacted specimens of iron ore tailings at degrees of compaction of 93%, 95%, 97% and 100% of Standard Proctor and subjected to tests at the confining stresses of 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 400 kPa, 800 kPa, 1600 kPa and 1900 kPa. The structure was evaluated in terms of normal loading conditions, as well as situations such as clogging of the drainage system, saturation of a homogeneous layer near the base of the structure with undrained behavior, undrained pseudostatic condition and surface saturation of the massif. The responses obtained from the model were not very sensitive to variations in the degree of compaction, which does not mean that the tailings will have the same behavior in terms of susceptibility to liquefaction, according to the stress trajectories obtained by the triaxial tests. Except for the condition of saturation of the basal layer with undrained behavior, all the results were satisfactory in terms of stability. For the unmet case, it is understood that the modeled situation is quite conservative and will hardly occur in field in this magnitude, but it implies constant monitoring to ensure that this condition does not materialize. Keywords: Dry stack. Three-dimensional model. Probabilistic analysis. Degree of compaction. Iron ore. Reliability Index. Resistance parameters.
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BARBOSA, Cassiano Vieira. Análise de estabilidade tridimensional e bidimensional em uma pilha de rejeito filtrado de grandes dimensões. 2022. 137 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
