Análise metabolômica, genômica e potenciais modos de ação de metabólitos secundários de Clonostachys spp. no controle de doenças de plantas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O estudo investigou a diversidade metabólica de espécies de Clonostachys e suas aplicações no controle de doenças da parte aérea, como a mancha-alvo (Corynespora cassiicola), a antracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), a ferrugem- asiática da soja (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) e a pinta-preta (Alternaria grandis). O trabalho foi estruturado em três capítulos interdependentes que integram o screening de extratos orgânicos enriquecidos com metabólitos secundários de Clonostachys spp., análises genômicas e estudos de uma interação extrato-planta-patógeno. No primeiro capítulo, foram avaliados extratos de 59 isolados de diferentes espécies de Clonostachys. Os ensaios in vitro revelaram que isolados de C. chloroleuca e C. rogersoniana apresentaram desempenho superior ao de C. rosea, espécie mais estudada do gênero. Ensaios em soja confirmaram o potencial de determinados extratos no controle da mancha-alvo, especialmente os extratos dos isolados UCBV26 e UCBV116, cuja eficácia foi comparável à de um fungicida comercial. A caracterização química dos extratos bioativos por LC-HRMS apontou predominância de peptaibols. No segundo capítulo, foram investigados os aspectos genômicos e funcionais de dois isolados de C. rogersoniana (UCBV101 e UCBV116), selecionados pela divergência em atividade antifúngicas de seus extratos. Embora apresentem genomas de tamanho e composição semelhantes, as análises revelaram variação nos clusters biossintéticos de metabólitos secundários, incluindo famílias de genes exclusivas de cada isolado. Ensaios biológicos mostraram que ambos possuem atividade antagônica a fungos fitopatogênicos, mas diferem na capacidade de colonização endofítica. No terceiro capítulo, o efeito do extrato de C. rogersoniana (UCBV116) foi avaliado em folhas de soja inoculadas com C. cassiicola. Os resultados indicaram que o extrato atua diretamente na inibição da germinação de conídios do patógeno e influencia em vias associadas à apoptose e autofagia no tecido foliar, tanto na presença quanto na ausência da inoculação. De forma integrada, os resultados evidenciam o potencial dos extratos de Clonostachys como compostos antifúngicos e ampliam o entendimento das interações extrato – patógeno – planta, com implicações práticas para o manejo de doenças foliares. Palavras-chave: extratos fúngicos ; genômica; interação planta-patógeno.
This study investigated the metabolic diversity of Clonostachys species and their applications in controlling foliar diseases, including target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), and early blight (Alternaria grandis). The research was structured into three interdependent chapters encompassing the screening of organic extracts enriched with secondary metabolites from Clonostachys spp., genomic analyses, and studies of the extract–plant–pathogen interaction. In the first chapter, extracts from 59 isolates of different Clonostachys species were evaluated. In vitro assays revealed that isolates of C. chloroleuca and C. rogersoniana outperformed C. rosea, the most extensively studied species of the genus. Soybean assays confirmed the potential of specific extracts for target spot control, particularly those from isolates UCBV26 and UCBV116, with efficacy comparable to that of a commercial fungicide. LC-HRMS-based chemical profiling of bioactive extracts revealed a predominance of peptaibols. In the second chapter, genomic and functional aspects of two C. rogersoniana isolates (UCBV101 and UCBV116), selected based on the contrasting antifungal activities of their extracts, were investigated. Although their genomes displayed similar size and composition, analyses revealed variation in secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, including isolate-specific gene families. Biological assays showed that both isolates exhibit antagonism toward phytopathogenic fungi, yet differ in their capacity for endophytic colonization. In the third chapter, the effect of the C. rogersoniana UCBV116 extract was evaluated in soybean leaves inoculated with C. cassiicola. The extract directly inhibited conidial germination of the pathogen and modulated pathways associated with apoptosis and autophagy in leaf tissue, both in the presence and absence of inoculation. In an integrated view, the results demonstrate the potential of Clonostachys extracts as antifungal agents and expand the understanding of extract–pathogen–plant interactions, with practical implications for the management of foliar diseases. Keywords: fungal extracts ; genomics; plant–pathogen interaction.
This study investigated the metabolic diversity of Clonostachys species and their applications in controlling foliar diseases, including target spot (Corynespora cassiicola), anthracnose (Colletotrichum truncatum), Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), and early blight (Alternaria grandis). The research was structured into three interdependent chapters encompassing the screening of organic extracts enriched with secondary metabolites from Clonostachys spp., genomic analyses, and studies of the extract–plant–pathogen interaction. In the first chapter, extracts from 59 isolates of different Clonostachys species were evaluated. In vitro assays revealed that isolates of C. chloroleuca and C. rogersoniana outperformed C. rosea, the most extensively studied species of the genus. Soybean assays confirmed the potential of specific extracts for target spot control, particularly those from isolates UCBV26 and UCBV116, with efficacy comparable to that of a commercial fungicide. LC-HRMS-based chemical profiling of bioactive extracts revealed a predominance of peptaibols. In the second chapter, genomic and functional aspects of two C. rogersoniana isolates (UCBV101 and UCBV116), selected based on the contrasting antifungal activities of their extracts, were investigated. Although their genomes displayed similar size and composition, analyses revealed variation in secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, including isolate-specific gene families. Biological assays showed that both isolates exhibit antagonism toward phytopathogenic fungi, yet differ in their capacity for endophytic colonization. In the third chapter, the effect of the C. rogersoniana UCBV116 extract was evaluated in soybean leaves inoculated with C. cassiicola. The extract directly inhibited conidial germination of the pathogen and modulated pathways associated with apoptosis and autophagy in leaf tissue, both in the presence and absence of inoculation. In an integrated view, the results demonstrate the potential of Clonostachys extracts as antifungal agents and expand the understanding of extract–pathogen–plant interactions, with practical implications for the management of foliar diseases. Keywords: fungal extracts ; genomics; plant–pathogen interaction.
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ALMEIDA, Ana Carolina de Análise metabolômica, genômica e potenciais modos de ação de metabólitos secundários de Clonostachys spp. no controle de doenças de plantas. 2025. 161 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
