Vulnerabilidade ambiental e potencial agropecuário em bacias hidrográficas
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Com o constante aumento da demanda por água, alimento e recursos naturais destaca-se a necessidade de um planejamento espacial de uso da terra baseado na premissa de conservação do solo e da água visando o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades agrícolas. Desta forma, foi proposta uma metodologia para identificação de áreas potenciais à produção, propagação, acúmulo do escoamento superficial, erosão, recarga hídrica, bem como áreas com maior potencial agropecuário considerando fatores agronômicos, ambientais, econômicos. A área de estudo foi a bacia do Rio Paraopeba, sub-bacia do Rio São Francisco, que representa uma das regiões de maior importância econômica para o estado de Minas Gerais. A metodologia consistiu em selecionar critérios pertinentes a cada mapa e combiná-los usando o Processo de Hierarquização Analítica aliado à metodologia fuzzy. Os mapas dos respectivos potenciais foram categorizados em cinco classes de potencial: muito baixo, baixo, moderado, alto e muito alto. Na bacia do Rio Paraopeba predomina potencial baixo a moderado para produção e propagação do escoamento e erosão hídrica, enquanto o potencial para o acúmulo de escoamento superficial e recarga hídrica predomina a classe moderada a alta. Os critérios relacionados as propriedades do solo foram mais utilizados e tiveram maior influência geral nos produtos gerados, seguidos pelos critérios uso da terra e adequação de uso da terra. As classes predominantes de potencial agropecuário foram alta e baixa. Sendo que as regiões de alto potencial estão, principalmente, no Baixo Paraopeba à margem esquerda do rio; e as áreas de baixo potencial estão, principalmente, na região do Alto Paraopeba à margem direita do rio. As áreas de cultivos dos municípios com maior rendimento por hectare estão categorizadas em muito alto e alto potencial agropecuário segundo a metodologia proposta, enquanto as áreas de cultivos dos municípios com menor rendimento estão localizados em regiões categorizadas com baixo e muito baixo potencial agropecuário. Isso evidencia a eficácia da metodologia proposta na identificação e priorização do potencial agropecuário da região da bacia do Rio Paraopeba. Ressalta-se que os produtos apresentados neste trabalho refletem o panorama atual da bacia, podendo ser alterados em função da alteração do uso e ocupação da terra. Palavras-chave: análise multicritério; capacidade de uso da terra; escoamento superficial; planejamento espacial da terra; processo erosivo; zonas de recarga
With the constant rise in the demand for water, food and natural resources, it’s important to plan the land use based on the premise of soil and water conservation aiming at the sustainable development of agricultural activities. Thus, this work proposed a methodology for identifying areas with potential for production, propagation, and accumulation of runoff, erosion, and water recharge, as well as areas with greater agricultural suitability, considering agricultural, environmental and economic factors. The study area is the Paraopeba watershed, a sub-watershed of the São Francisco River that represents one of the regions of greatest economic importance for the state of Minas Gerais. The methodology consisted of selecting criteria relevant to each map and combining them with the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the fuzzy methodology. The end products were divided into five potential classes: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Paraopeba watershed has low to moderate potential for runoff production and propagation and water erosion, and moderate to high potential for accumulation of runoff and water recharge predominate. The criteria related to soil properties were most used and had the greatest overall influence on the products generated, followed by the land use and intensity of land use. The main classes of agricultural potential for the Paraopeba watershed were high and low. The regions with high potential are mainly in the Lower Paraopeba on the left of the river, while those with low potential are mainly in the Upper Paraopeba region on the right of the river. According to the proposed methodology, the cultivated areas of municipalities with the highest yield per hectare are categorized as having very high and high agricultural suitability, while the cultivated areas of municipalities with the lowest yield are in regions categorized as having low and very low agricultural suitability. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying and prioritizing the agricultural potential of the Paraopeba River basin region. It is worth noting that the products presented in this work reflect the current panorama of the basin, and may be changed positively by reducing vulnerable areas, or even negatively by increasing vulnerable areas, due to changes in land use and land cover.Keywords: multicriteria analysis; capacity for land use; runoff; land spatial planning; erosive process; recharge zones
With the constant rise in the demand for water, food and natural resources, it’s important to plan the land use based on the premise of soil and water conservation aiming at the sustainable development of agricultural activities. Thus, this work proposed a methodology for identifying areas with potential for production, propagation, and accumulation of runoff, erosion, and water recharge, as well as areas with greater agricultural suitability, considering agricultural, environmental and economic factors. The study area is the Paraopeba watershed, a sub-watershed of the São Francisco River that represents one of the regions of greatest economic importance for the state of Minas Gerais. The methodology consisted of selecting criteria relevant to each map and combining them with the Analytical Hierarchy Process and the fuzzy methodology. The end products were divided into five potential classes: very low, low, moderate, high and very high. Paraopeba watershed has low to moderate potential for runoff production and propagation and water erosion, and moderate to high potential for accumulation of runoff and water recharge predominate. The criteria related to soil properties were most used and had the greatest overall influence on the products generated, followed by the land use and intensity of land use. The main classes of agricultural potential for the Paraopeba watershed were high and low. The regions with high potential are mainly in the Lower Paraopeba on the left of the river, while those with low potential are mainly in the Upper Paraopeba region on the right of the river. According to the proposed methodology, the cultivated areas of municipalities with the highest yield per hectare are categorized as having very high and high agricultural suitability, while the cultivated areas of municipalities with the lowest yield are in regions categorized as having low and very low agricultural suitability. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in identifying and prioritizing the agricultural potential of the Paraopeba River basin region. It is worth noting that the products presented in this work reflect the current panorama of the basin, and may be changed positively by reducing vulnerable areas, or even negatively by increasing vulnerable areas, due to changes in land use and land cover.Keywords: multicriteria analysis; capacity for land use; runoff; land spatial planning; erosive process; recharge zones
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RODRIGUES, Ana Luiza Melo. Vulnerabilidade ambiental e potencial agropecuário em bacias hidrográficas. 2025. 109 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
