Caracterização da resistência a Cry1Fa em populações brasileiras de Spodoptera frugiperda
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Para retardar a adaptação genética das pragas-alvo às culturas transgênicas que expressam proteinas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), é importante conhecer a base genética da resistência e o nível de suscetibilidade da espécie-alvo a determinada proteína. Portanto, para caracterizar a resposta evolutiva de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidotera: Noctuidae) à pressão de seleção exercida pela toxina Bt Cry1Fa, expressa em plantas de milho transgênico, e conhecer a frequência do alelo de resistência no campo, foram selecionadas para altos níveis de resistência a essa toxina duas populações de S. frugiperda coletadas em diferentes regiões de Brasil. Com 11 gerações de seleção em laboratório, níveis de resistência superiores a 183 vezes evoluíram nas duas populações estudadas, os quais possibilitam aos insetos completarem o ciclo de vida em plantas de milho Cry1Fa. Bioensaios concentração- resposta com progênies geradas de cruzamentos recíprocos entre os insetos suscetíveis e resistentes indicaram que a herança da resistência a Cry1Fa é recessiva, autossômica e herdada sem efeito maternal. Além disso, bioensaios comparativos do retrocruzamento entre a progênie F1 e os pais resistentes revelaram que a resistência é conferida por um único locus. Esses resultados suportam alguns dos pressupostos da estratégia em uso para o manejo da resistência ao milho Cry1Fa. Entretanto, a sobrevivência dos heterozigotos nas plantas transgênicas foi superior a 5%, indicando que o milho Cry1Fa TC1507 parece não ser de alta dose para S. frugiperda. Além disso, as comparações de parâmetros do ciclo de vida e reprodutivos entre insetos suscetíveis e resistentes indicaram a ausência de forte custo adaptativo associado à resistência a Cry1Fa para essas duas linhagens resistentes de S. frugiperda, o que também foi evidenciado nos experimentos de taxa de respiração larval e estabilidade da resistência. Esses resultados junto com a alta frequência de alelos resistentes e baixa suscetibilidade das populações coletadas nas principais regiões produtoras de milho do país sugerem que populações de S.frugiperda tem alto potencial para desenvolver resistência de campo ao milho Cry1Fa e outras culturas transgênicas Bt no Brasil.
To delay genetic adaptation of target pests to transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, it is important to know the genetic basis of resistance and the level of susceptibility of the target species to a given protein. Therefore, to characterize the evolutionary response of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selection pressure exerted by the Bt Cry1Fa toxin expressed in transgenic maize plants and to estimate the frequency of the resistance allele in the field, two populations of S. frugiperda collected in different regions of Brazil were selected for high levels of resistance to Cry1Fa. After 11 generations of selection significant levels of resistance to Cry1Fa were obtained (> 183 fold) in the populations studied, which enabled the insects to complete their life cycle in Cry1Fa corn. Concentration-response bioassays with progenies generated from reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible insects indicated that the inheritance of Cry1Fa resistance is autosomal, recessive and without maternal effects, and backcross of the F 1 progeny with the parental resistant strain revealed that the resistance is conferred by a single locus. These results support some of the assumptions of the strategy in use for resistance management of Cry1Fa corn, but the survival of heterozygotes in the transgenic plants was higher than 5%, indicating that apparently the Cry1Fa corn (TC1507) is not high dose for S. frugiperda. Furthermore, comparison of life history traits and population growth rates for susceptible and resistant insects indicated absence of strong fitness costs associated with the resistance in these two resistant strains of S. frugiperda, which was also evident in experiments of larval respiration rate and stability of resistance. These results together with the high frequency of resistance alleles and the low susceptibility of fall armyworm populations collected in major corn producing regions in the country suggest that populations of S. frugiperda has high potential to develop field resistance to Cry1Fa corn and other transgenic Bt crops in Brazil.
To delay genetic adaptation of target pests to transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, it is important to know the genetic basis of resistance and the level of susceptibility of the target species to a given protein. Therefore, to characterize the evolutionary response of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to selection pressure exerted by the Bt Cry1Fa toxin expressed in transgenic maize plants and to estimate the frequency of the resistance allele in the field, two populations of S. frugiperda collected in different regions of Brazil were selected for high levels of resistance to Cry1Fa. After 11 generations of selection significant levels of resistance to Cry1Fa were obtained (> 183 fold) in the populations studied, which enabled the insects to complete their life cycle in Cry1Fa corn. Concentration-response bioassays with progenies generated from reciprocal crosses between resistant and susceptible insects indicated that the inheritance of Cry1Fa resistance is autosomal, recessive and without maternal effects, and backcross of the F 1 progeny with the parental resistant strain revealed that the resistance is conferred by a single locus. These results support some of the assumptions of the strategy in use for resistance management of Cry1Fa corn, but the survival of heterozygotes in the transgenic plants was higher than 5%, indicating that apparently the Cry1Fa corn (TC1507) is not high dose for S. frugiperda. Furthermore, comparison of life history traits and population growth rates for susceptible and resistant insects indicated absence of strong fitness costs associated with the resistance in these two resistant strains of S. frugiperda, which was also evident in experiments of larval respiration rate and stability of resistance. These results together with the high frequency of resistance alleles and the low susceptibility of fall armyworm populations collected in major corn producing regions in the country suggest that populations of S. frugiperda has high potential to develop field resistance to Cry1Fa corn and other transgenic Bt crops in Brazil.
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SANTOS AMAYA, Oscar Fernando. Caracterização da resistência a Cry1Fa em populações brasileiras de Spodoptera frugiperda. 2014. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2014.
