ZAR1: um modulador negativo da resposta aos estresses por deficiência hídrica e do retículo endoplasmático
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Estresses bióticos e abióticos são os principais desafios na agricultura e estudos de vias de sinalização são importantes para contornar essa problemática. A via de sinalização de morte celular programada (PCD) media por NRP/DCDs se destaca pela integração da resposta molecular de diversos estresses bióticos e abióticos culminando na morte celular programada. Esta via é modulada negativamente pela chaperona molecular BiP por mecanismos ainda não elucidados. A superexpressão da chaperona molecular BiP permite uma maior tolerância a condições de estresses osmótico e do retículo endoplasmático (RE) sob condições de deficiência hídrica. Em busca de genes envolvidos no mecanismo de tolerância mediado por BiP e seu efeito na via PCD mediada por NRP/DCDs, um escrutínio genético em plantas superexpressando BiP mutagenisadas foi realizado. Foram selecionadas plantas mutantes que suprimiam o fenótipo de tolerância a seca mediado pelo chaperone molecular BiP. Estas linhagens tiveram o genoma sequenciado e a identificação de mutações especificas permitiu a identificação de alguns genes candidatos. Assim ZAR1 (Zygotic Arrest 1), gene que codifica um receptor do tipo cinase (RLK) foi selecionado como gene candidato a supressor do mecanismo mediado por BiP. O presente trabalho realizou experimentos para tentar caracterizar o papel molecular e fisiológico de ZAR1. Foram geradas plantas superexpressando ZAR1 e plantas que tinham o gene de zar1 silenciado. Nos experimentos realizados foi demonstrado que o nível de expressão de ZAR1 altera o fenótipo de plantas de Arabidopsis thaliana, em condições de estresse no RE e estresse por deficiência hídrica. Sob deficiência hídrica plantas silenciadas para o gene zar1 apresentaram um fenótipo mais sensível a deficiência hídrica, comparado com plantas Col0, enquanto plantas superexpressando ZAR1 apresentaram um fenótipo mais tolerante que a Col0. Além disso, plantas superexpressando ZAR1 possuem um atraso do processo de morte celular induzida por um agente causador de estresse no RE (tunicamicina), enquanto plantas silenciadas apresentaram o processo de morte celular acelerado comparado com plantas controle. Através de ensaios de fosforilação in vivo foi demonstrado que ZAR1 é fosforilada em resíduos de serina e tirosina em condições de estresse no RE ou estresse osmótico. No entanto, não foi possível identificar quais os resíduos específicos de aminoácidos são os alvos de modificações pós-traducionais nestas condições. Embora se saiba que há interação entre ZAR1 e RGS1 (Regulador da Sinalização de Proteína G), a fosforilação de ZAR1 sobre RGS1 não havia sido identificada. Assim, um ensaio de fosforilação in vitro também foi realizado e demonstrou que ZAR1 pode fosforilar RGS1 em resíduos de serina ainda não caracterizados. Coletivamente, os resultados indicam que ZAR1 pode estar envolvido com a via de tolerância ao estresse por déficit hídrico e no RE ao atenuar da morte celular ativada por estresses. Além disso, ZAR1 pode atuar como um modulador da via de proteínas G heterotriméricas através da interação/modulação de RGS1, apresentando um papel-chave na resposta de estresse abiótico. Palavras-chave: RLK. Resposta a Estresse. Sinalização Celular.
Biotic and abiotic stresses are plants is the major challenge on the agriculture worldwide, consequently, the understanding of signaling pathways is essential to cope with these conditions. The NRP/DCD cell death pathway integrates some biotic and abiotic stresses in a programmed cell death response. This pathway is modulated by the molecular chaperone BiP by an unknown mechanism. BiP overexpression in plants promotes tolerance to osmotic stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, this overexpression promotes the delay in the cell death response trigged by stresses conditions. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the BiP mediated drought tolerance and BiP role in the modulation of NRP/DCD pathway, it was performed a genetic screening on Arabidopsis BiP overexpressing plants. We select mutant plants based on the suppression of BiP-mediated tolerance phenotype. It was identified one candidate, which corresponds to a receptor-like kinases (RLK) family member, ZAR1 (Zygote Arrest 1), thus, the present work sought characterize the molecular and physiologic role ZAR1. We generated ZAR1 overexpressing lines in Arabidopsis, as well as silenced plants for ZAR1 gene. We demonstrated that the ZAR1 level is important to modulate the Arabidopsis thaliana phenotype upon ER and water deficit stress conditions. Upon water deficit ZAR1 silenced plants showed more sensitive phenotype compared to Col0, on the other hand, ZAR1 overexpressing lines showed a more tolerant phenotype. Moreover, ZAR1 overexpressing lines showed a delay of the cell death response upon ER stress induction by a stressor (tunicamycin), whereas, the ZAR1 silenced plants accelerated the cell death process. Through in vivo phosphorylation assay we demonstrate that ZAR1 is phophorylated in serine and tyrosine residues under either ER stress or osmotic stress. Nevertheless, it was not possible to identify which specific residues are target for post-translational modifications under these conditions. Although previous experiments have shown the interaction between ZAR1 and RGS1 (Regulator of G- protein signaling 1), it is unknown that ZAR1 is able to phosphorylates RGS1. Thus, by an in vitro phosphorylation assay we demonstrated that ZAR1 is able to phosphorylates RGS1 an unkown serine residues. Accordingly, the results in this work indicate that ZAR1 can be involved on the BiP mediated water deficit tolerance, as well as the cell death response attenuation, moreover, ZAR1 act as negative modulator in those pathways and also can act as modulator of G signaling through interaction/modulation of RGS1. Therefore, it demonstrates as a key component of abiotic stresses responses. Keywords: RLK. Stress Response. Cell Signaling.
Biotic and abiotic stresses are plants is the major challenge on the agriculture worldwide, consequently, the understanding of signaling pathways is essential to cope with these conditions. The NRP/DCD cell death pathway integrates some biotic and abiotic stresses in a programmed cell death response. This pathway is modulated by the molecular chaperone BiP by an unknown mechanism. BiP overexpression in plants promotes tolerance to osmotic stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as drought conditions. Furthermore, this overexpression promotes the delay in the cell death response trigged by stresses conditions. In order to elucidate the mechanism of the BiP mediated drought tolerance and BiP role in the modulation of NRP/DCD pathway, it was performed a genetic screening on Arabidopsis BiP overexpressing plants. We select mutant plants based on the suppression of BiP-mediated tolerance phenotype. It was identified one candidate, which corresponds to a receptor-like kinases (RLK) family member, ZAR1 (Zygote Arrest 1), thus, the present work sought characterize the molecular and physiologic role ZAR1. We generated ZAR1 overexpressing lines in Arabidopsis, as well as silenced plants for ZAR1 gene. We demonstrated that the ZAR1 level is important to modulate the Arabidopsis thaliana phenotype upon ER and water deficit stress conditions. Upon water deficit ZAR1 silenced plants showed more sensitive phenotype compared to Col0, on the other hand, ZAR1 overexpressing lines showed a more tolerant phenotype. Moreover, ZAR1 overexpressing lines showed a delay of the cell death response upon ER stress induction by a stressor (tunicamycin), whereas, the ZAR1 silenced plants accelerated the cell death process. Through in vivo phosphorylation assay we demonstrate that ZAR1 is phophorylated in serine and tyrosine residues under either ER stress or osmotic stress. Nevertheless, it was not possible to identify which specific residues are target for post-translational modifications under these conditions. Although previous experiments have shown the interaction between ZAR1 and RGS1 (Regulator of G- protein signaling 1), it is unknown that ZAR1 is able to phosphorylates RGS1. Thus, by an in vitro phosphorylation assay we demonstrated that ZAR1 is able to phosphorylates RGS1 an unkown serine residues. Accordingly, the results in this work indicate that ZAR1 can be involved on the BiP mediated water deficit tolerance, as well as the cell death response attenuation, moreover, ZAR1 act as negative modulator in those pathways and also can act as modulator of G signaling through interaction/modulation of RGS1. Therefore, it demonstrates as a key component of abiotic stresses responses. Keywords: RLK. Stress Response. Cell Signaling.
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Citation
FAGUNDES, Débora Pellanda. ZAR1: um modulador negativo da resposta aos estresses por deficiência hídrica e do retículo endoplasmático. 2020. 53 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
