Identificação de características fisiológicas relacionadas à tolerância ao déficit hídrico em clones comerciais de Eucalyptus spp. e Corymbia spp..
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2018-07-31
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O déficit hídrico é o maior limitante à produtividade de Eucalipto, portanto, faz-se necessário incluir análises que permitam a seleção de indivíduos superiores em programas de melhoramento genético com o objetivo de aumentar a produtividade. Contudo, existem muitas variáveis relacionadas à tolerância ao déficit hídrico. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi selecionar variáveis que permitam a seleção precoce de indivíduos tolerantes ao déficit hídrico. No primeiro capítulo, características ligadas ao crescimento foram avaliadas e foi observado que as variáveis mais aplicáveis à separação de clones para tolerância foram: peso seco do caule, peso total da planta, taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, transpiração, incremento % em altura, teor relativo de água, suculência e relação Ci/Ca. No segundo capítulo, variáveis relacionadas ao metabolismo enzimático antioxidante e estresse hídrico foram avaliadas, sendo que as variáveis mais aplicáveis à separação de clones para tolerância foram fotossíntese, relação Fv/Fm, clorofila a, clorofila b e glutationa. No terceiro capítulo, variáveis relacionadas à síntese de metabólitos foram avaliadas. As variáveis mais aplicáveis à separação de clones para tolerância foram fotossíntese, relação Fv/Fm, clorofila a, clorofila b e glutationa, ácido abisisico, metil jasmonato e glicose. No quarto capítulo, variáveis morfoanatômicas e nutricionais foram avaliadas. As variáveis mais aplicáveis à separação de clones para tolerância foram condutância estomática, relação Fv/Fm e concentração de cálcio. As variáveis peso total da planta, incremento em altura %, teor relativo de água são úteis na seleção e, como vantagem adicional, essas análises requerem instrumentos simples como balança, estufa e fita métrica. Para as variáveis fotossíntese, relação Fv/Fm e Condutância estomática é necessário o uso do equipamento IRGA. Assim sendo, essas variáveis podem ser facilmente usadas nas empresas para a seleção precoce de indivíduos com potencial para serem tolerantes em campo, desde que a avaliação do material genético seja feita sob condições de déficit hídrico natural ou simulada.
The water deficit is the major limiting factor to Eucalyptus productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to include analyzes that allow the selection of superior individuals in breeding programs with the objective of increasing productivity. However, there are many variables related to water deficit tolerance. Thus, the objective of this study was to select variables that allow the early selection of tolerant individuals to water deficit. In the first chapter, characteristics related to growth were evaluated and it was observed that variables most applicable to clones separation for tolerance were: dry stem weight, total plant weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, increase % in height, relative water content, succulence and Ci/Ca ratio. In the second chapter, variables related to antioxidant enzymatic metabolism and water stress were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and glutathione. In the third chapter, variables related to the synthesis of metabolites were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and glutathione, abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and glucose. In the fourth chapter morpho-anatomical and nutritional variables were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were: stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm ratio and calcium concentration. The variables total plant weight, height increase %, relative water content are useful in selection and, as an additional advantage, these analyzes require simple instruments such as scale, greenhouse and tape measure. For the variables photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio and stomatal conductance, it is necessary to use the Infra-Red Gas Analysis - IRGA equipment. Therefore, these variables can be easily used in companies for the early selection of individuals with potential to be tolerant in the field, since the evaluation of the genetic material is done under conditions of natural or simulated water deficit.
The water deficit is the major limiting factor to Eucalyptus productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to include analyzes that allow the selection of superior individuals in breeding programs with the objective of increasing productivity. However, there are many variables related to water deficit tolerance. Thus, the objective of this study was to select variables that allow the early selection of tolerant individuals to water deficit. In the first chapter, characteristics related to growth were evaluated and it was observed that variables most applicable to clones separation for tolerance were: dry stem weight, total plant weight, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, increase % in height, relative water content, succulence and Ci/Ca ratio. In the second chapter, variables related to antioxidant enzymatic metabolism and water stress were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and glutathione. In the third chapter, variables related to the synthesis of metabolites were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and glutathione, abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and glucose. In the fourth chapter morpho-anatomical and nutritional variables were evaluated. The most applicable variables to clones separation for tolerance were: stomatal conductance, Fv/Fm ratio and calcium concentration. The variables total plant weight, height increase %, relative water content are useful in selection and, as an additional advantage, these analyzes require simple instruments such as scale, greenhouse and tape measure. For the variables photosynthesis, Fv/Fm ratio and stomatal conductance, it is necessary to use the Infra-Red Gas Analysis - IRGA equipment. Therefore, these variables can be easily used in companies for the early selection of individuals with potential to be tolerant in the field, since the evaluation of the genetic material is done under conditions of natural or simulated water deficit.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Eucalipto - Melhoramento genético, Eucalipto - Fisiologia, Balanço hidrológico, Clonagem
Citação
REIS, Lílian Alves Carvalho. Identificação de características fisiológicas relacionadas à tolerância ao déficit hídrico em clones comerciais de Eucalyptus spp. e Corymbia spp.. 2018. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Fisiologia Vegetal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2018.