Capacidades de políticas públicas: o caso do plano diretor de Belo Horizonte - MG
Data
2021-02-25
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Com esta tese se propõe e defende-se a noção de capacidade de atores políticos para o desenvolvimento das políticas públicas. A compreensão é de que a capacidade e o seu conjunto de elementos se materializam nos atores dentro e fora do Estado, assim como nas suas relações, e apreendê-la é fundamental para investigar os processos das políticas públicas. Assim, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi compreender como as capacidades de diferentes atores políticos foram mobilizadas e empregadas para responder à necessidade de revisar o principal instrumento da política urbana municipal – o plano diretor. Essa finalidade foi atendida considerando-se o caso da terceira revisão do Plano Diretor de Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais). Os processos político-administrativos foram interpretados à luz da policy capacity, a partir do desenvolvimento de um quadro geral em três competências básicas (analítica, operacional e política). A leitura da realidade foi possibilitada pelo emprego do estudo de caso, conjugando- se o levantamento de dados primários (entrevistas) e secundários (documentos) com a posterior análise do conteúdo das evidências. O processo político-administrativo foi descrito e analisado em três atos. No Ato 1, “A agenda urbana local para a revisão do Plano Diretor de Belo Horizonte: o surgimento das ideias”, abordou-se a agenda urbana municipal e a origem das ideias. O Ato 2, “Pensando a cidade junto à sociedade: o debate e a geração de ideias na IV Conferência Municipal de Política Urbana”, dedicou-se ao momento em que tais ideias foram levadas para discussão junto à sociedade. O Ato 3, “Colocando as ideias no papel: as idas e vindas do projeto de lei e a sua apreciação na Casa Legislativa Municipal”, descortinou o processo legislativo e o trânsito das ideias entre os Poderes Executivo e Legislativo. Em meio aos acordos e negociações, tensões e conflitos, os diversos atores políticos emitiram as suas percepções quanto aos processos e as capacidades, com destaque para a relevância do compartilhamento das habilidades e dos recursos. Observou-se a capacidade do Estado para ouvir o que acontecia na sociedade e, com isso, permitir que os grupos sociais oferecessem as suas próprias interpretações sobre a realidade. Paralelamente, notou-se a necessidade de melhor desenvolver formas para compreender como as interpretações sociais se relacionavam com os objetivos da política e, assim, estabelecer um diálogo mais assertivo com a sociedade na busca pela construção de consensos de modo mais aberto e transparente. Nesta direção, os resultados mostraram que a mobilização de capacidades tanto pelos atores estatais e não-estatais foi fundamental para a concepção dada ao novo Plano Diretor de Belo Horizonte. Palavras-chave: Capacidades. Política Pública. Plano Diretor. Gestão Pública Municipal.
This thesis proposes and defends the notion of the capacity of political actors for the development of public policies. The understanding is that the capacity and its set of elements materialize in the actors inside and outside the State, as well as in their relationships, and apprehending it is fundamental to investigate the public policy processes. Thus, the general objective of the work was to understand how the capacities of different political actors were mobilized and used to respond to the need to review the main instrument of municipal urban policy - the master plan. This purpose was met considering the case of the third revision of the Belo Horizonte Master Plan (Minas Gerais). Political-administrative processes were interpreted in the light of policy capacity, based on the development of a general framework in three basic competencies (analytical, operational and political). The reading of reality was made possible by the use of the case study, combining the collection of primary data (interviews) and secondary data (documents) with the subsequent analysis of the content of the evidence. The political-administrative process was described and analyzed in three acts. In Act 1, “The local urban agenda for the revision of the Belo Horizonte Master Plan: the emergence of ideas”, the municipal urban agenda and the origin of ideas were addressed. Act 2, “Thinking the city with society: the debate and the generation of ideas at the IV Municipal Conference on Urban Policy”, was dedicated to the moment when such ideas were brought up for discussion with society. Act 3, “Putting ideas on paper: the comings and goings of the bill and its appreciation at the Municipal Legislative House”, unveiled the legislative process and the transit of ideas between the Executive and Legislative Powers. In the midst of agreements and negotiations, tensions and conflicts, the different political actors issued their perceptions about processes and capacities, with emphasis on the relevance of sharing skills and resources. It was observed the capacity of the State to hear what was happening in society and, with that, to allow social groups to offer their own interpretations about reality. At the same time, there was a need to better develop ways to understand how social interpretations related to policy objectives and, thus, establish a more assertive dialogue with society in the search for building consensus in a more open and transparent way. In this direction, the results showed that the mobilization of capacities by both state and non-state actors was fundamental to the conception given to the new Belo Horizonte Master Plan. Keywords: Capacities. Public Policy. Master Plan. Municipal Public Management.
This thesis proposes and defends the notion of the capacity of political actors for the development of public policies. The understanding is that the capacity and its set of elements materialize in the actors inside and outside the State, as well as in their relationships, and apprehending it is fundamental to investigate the public policy processes. Thus, the general objective of the work was to understand how the capacities of different political actors were mobilized and used to respond to the need to review the main instrument of municipal urban policy - the master plan. This purpose was met considering the case of the third revision of the Belo Horizonte Master Plan (Minas Gerais). Political-administrative processes were interpreted in the light of policy capacity, based on the development of a general framework in three basic competencies (analytical, operational and political). The reading of reality was made possible by the use of the case study, combining the collection of primary data (interviews) and secondary data (documents) with the subsequent analysis of the content of the evidence. The political-administrative process was described and analyzed in three acts. In Act 1, “The local urban agenda for the revision of the Belo Horizonte Master Plan: the emergence of ideas”, the municipal urban agenda and the origin of ideas were addressed. Act 2, “Thinking the city with society: the debate and the generation of ideas at the IV Municipal Conference on Urban Policy”, was dedicated to the moment when such ideas were brought up for discussion with society. Act 3, “Putting ideas on paper: the comings and goings of the bill and its appreciation at the Municipal Legislative House”, unveiled the legislative process and the transit of ideas between the Executive and Legislative Powers. In the midst of agreements and negotiations, tensions and conflicts, the different political actors issued their perceptions about processes and capacities, with emphasis on the relevance of sharing skills and resources. It was observed the capacity of the State to hear what was happening in society and, with that, to allow social groups to offer their own interpretations about reality. At the same time, there was a need to better develop ways to understand how social interpretations related to policy objectives and, thus, establish a more assertive dialogue with society in the search for building consensus in a more open and transparent way. In this direction, the results showed that the mobilization of capacities by both state and non-state actors was fundamental to the conception given to the new Belo Horizonte Master Plan. Keywords: Capacities. Public Policy. Master Plan. Municipal Public Management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Administração municipal, Política pública, Política urbana - Belo Horizonte
Citação
MOREIRA, Vinicius de Souza. Capacidades de políticas públicas: o caso do plano diretor de Belo Horizonte - MG. 2021. 271 f. Tese (Doutorado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.