Influência do exercício físico e do nível de atividade física na saúde física e mental de mulheres idosas
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2021-09-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Nessa dissertação são apresentados resultados de três artigos: uma revisão bibliográfica (1) e dois estudos experimentais (2 e 3). Os objetivos desses artigos foram: (1) revisar a importância do exercício físico para idosos durante a pandemia da doença infecciosa causada pelo coronavírus (COVID-19), (2) comparar a prática de exercício físico multicomponente com a atividade física autosselecionada sobre indicadores de saúde física e mental de mulheres idosas, e (3) verificar a associação do nível de atividade física e variáveis sociodemográficas com o risco de doença mental (RDM) de idosas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A metodologia adotada foi: (1) Uma breve revisão narrativa foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline) e biblioteca Cochrane, usando a combinação dos seguintes operadores booleanos: população: idosos; intervenção: treinamento aeróbio, treinamento de força, e treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade; desfechos: saúde física, saúde mental, força muscular, aptidão física, desempenho físico funcional. (2) Para a comparação da prática de exercício físico multicomponente e atividade física autosselecionada avaliou-se a velocidade de deslocamento, a potência de membros inferiores, a capacidade funcional, a composição corporal, o perfil bioquímico, o nível de atividade física (NAF), o comportamento sedentário, a qualidade de vida e o RDM de mulheres idosas participantes de projetos de extensão de atividade física. (3) Para verificar a associação do NAF e variáveis sociodemográficas com o RDM de idosas durante a pandemia da COVID-19, foi avaliado o NAF em cinco momentos, sendo fevereiro de 2020 (antes da pandemia), maio, agosto, novembro de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021 (durante a pandemia). O RDM foi avaliado em três momentos, sendo em fevereiro (antes da pandemia), maio e agosto de 2020 e fevereiro de 2021 (durante a pandemia). Também foi obtido o nível de escolaridade (NE) das idosas. Os resultados encontrados mostraram: (1) Na revisão narrativa, discutimos os possíveis efeitos do distanciamento social na saúde dos idosos e descrevemos diferentes estratégias de exercícios físicos a serem realizadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Concluiu-se que o treinamento aeróbio, o de força e o intervalado de alta intensidade são eficazes para melhorar as funções imunológicas, autonomia, independência funcional e saúde mental em idosos durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Além disso, os programas de exercícios físicos devem ser planejados, adaptados e controlados com base nas capacidades individuais dos idosos e orientados remotamente por profissionais treinados na prescrição de exercícios físicos. É necessário que os idosos sejam continuamente informados, protegidos e orientados sobre os benefícios e a importância da prática de exercícios físicos durante o distanciamento social causado pela pandemia da COVID-19. (2) A prática de atividade física autosselecionada melhorou indicadores de saúde física e mental de idosas. Todavia, os benefícios obtidos por meio do exercício multicomponente provocaram maiores ganhos em indicadores como velocidade de marcha, capacidade funcional (capacidade aeróbia, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico e flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores) e marcadores bioquímicos (glicemia de jejum, hemoglobina glicada e creatinina). (3) Durante o distanciamento social causado pela pandemia do COVID-19 foi observado um aumento na incidência do número de idosas com RDM, e esse aumento teve uma associação inversa de magnitude moderada com o NAF durante a pandemia. Além disso, o estudo mostrou uma associação inversa e moderada do NAF e NE com o RDM, mostrando que quanto menor o NAF e NE, maior o RDM. Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Envelhecimento. Exercício Físico. Qualidade de Vida. Saúde Mental. Pandemia.
In this dissertation, results of three articles are presented: a literature review (1) and two experimental studies (2 and 3). The objectives of these articles were: 1-to review the importance of physical exercise for the elderly during the coronavirus desiase-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, 2-to compare the practice of multicomponent physical exercise with self-selected physical activity on physical health indicators and mental illness of elderly women, and 3-verify the association of the level of physical activity and sociodemographic variables with the risk of mental illness in elderly women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology adopted was: 1-A brief narrative review was carried out in the PubMed (Medline) and Cochrane Library databases, using the combination of the following Boolean operators: population: elderly; intervention: aerobic training, strength training, and high intensity interval training (HIIT); outcomes: physical health, mental health, muscle strength, physical fitness, functional physical performance. 2-To compare the practice of multicomponent physical exercise and self- selected physical activity, displacement speed, lower limb power, functional capacity, body composition, biochemical profile, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior were evaluated, the quality of life and the risk of mental illness of elderly women participating in physical activity extension projects. 3-To verify the association of the level of physical activity and sociodemographic variables with the risk of mental illness in elderly women during the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated in five moments, being February 2020 (before the pandemic), May, August, November 2020 (during the pandemic and February 2021 (during the pandemic). The mental illness risk (MIR) mental was assessed in three moments, being in February, May and August 2020 (before the pandemic), and February 2021 (during the pandemic), in addition, the education level (EL) was evaluated. The results found showed: 1-In the narrative review, we discussed the possible effects of social distancing on the health of the elderly and described different exercise strategies exercises to be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was concluded that aerobic training, strength training, and high-intensity interval training are effective in improving immune, autonomous functions, functional independence and mental health in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, physical exercise programs must be planned, adapted and controlled based on the individual capacities of the elderly and remotely guided by professionals trained in the prescription of physical exercises. It is necessary that the population in general, and especially the elderly, are continually informed, protected and guided about the benefits and importance of physical exercise during the social distance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2-The practice of self-selected physical activity improved physical and mental health indicators for elderly women. However, the benefits obtained through multicomponent exercise caused greater gains in indicators such as gait speed, functional capacity (aerobic capacity, agility and dynamic balance and flexibility of upper and lower limbs) and biochemical markers (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and creatinine). 3- During the social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the number of elderly women at risk of mental illness was observed, and this increase had an inverse association of moderate magnitude with the level of physical activity during the pandemic. In addition, the study showed an inverse and moderate association of physical activity level and education level with the risk of mental illness, showing that how smaler is the physical activity and educational level, bigger is the mental illness riskk. Keywords: COVID-19. Aging. Physical exercise. Quality of life. Mental health. Pandemic.
In this dissertation, results of three articles are presented: a literature review (1) and two experimental studies (2 and 3). The objectives of these articles were: 1-to review the importance of physical exercise for the elderly during the coronavirus desiase-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, 2-to compare the practice of multicomponent physical exercise with self-selected physical activity on physical health indicators and mental illness of elderly women, and 3-verify the association of the level of physical activity and sociodemographic variables with the risk of mental illness in elderly women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology adopted was: 1-A brief narrative review was carried out in the PubMed (Medline) and Cochrane Library databases, using the combination of the following Boolean operators: population: elderly; intervention: aerobic training, strength training, and high intensity interval training (HIIT); outcomes: physical health, mental health, muscle strength, physical fitness, functional physical performance. 2-To compare the practice of multicomponent physical exercise and self- selected physical activity, displacement speed, lower limb power, functional capacity, body composition, biochemical profile, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior were evaluated, the quality of life and the risk of mental illness of elderly women participating in physical activity extension projects. 3-To verify the association of the level of physical activity and sociodemographic variables with the risk of mental illness in elderly women during the COVID-19 pandemic, the physical activity level (PAL) was evaluated in five moments, being February 2020 (before the pandemic), May, August, November 2020 (during the pandemic and February 2021 (during the pandemic). The mental illness risk (MIR) mental was assessed in three moments, being in February, May and August 2020 (before the pandemic), and February 2021 (during the pandemic), in addition, the education level (EL) was evaluated. The results found showed: 1-In the narrative review, we discussed the possible effects of social distancing on the health of the elderly and described different exercise strategies exercises to be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was concluded that aerobic training, strength training, and high-intensity interval training are effective in improving immune, autonomous functions, functional independence and mental health in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, physical exercise programs must be planned, adapted and controlled based on the individual capacities of the elderly and remotely guided by professionals trained in the prescription of physical exercises. It is necessary that the population in general, and especially the elderly, are continually informed, protected and guided about the benefits and importance of physical exercise during the social distance caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. 2-The practice of self-selected physical activity improved physical and mental health indicators for elderly women. However, the benefits obtained through multicomponent exercise caused greater gains in indicators such as gait speed, functional capacity (aerobic capacity, agility and dynamic balance and flexibility of upper and lower limbs) and biochemical markers (fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and creatinine). 3- During the social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the number of elderly women at risk of mental illness was observed, and this increase had an inverse association of moderate magnitude with the level of physical activity during the pandemic. In addition, the study showed an inverse and moderate association of physical activity level and education level with the risk of mental illness, showing that how smaler is the physical activity and educational level, bigger is the mental illness riskk. Keywords: COVID-19. Aging. Physical exercise. Quality of life. Mental health. Pandemic.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
COVID-19, Envelhecimento, Exercícios físicos, Qualidade de vida
Citação
ENCARNAÇÃO, Samuel Gonçalves Almeida da. Influência do exercício físico e do nível de atividade física na saúde física e mental de mulheres idosas. 2021. 140 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.