Plantas neotropicais como fonte de inspiração para novos inseticidas no controle de Euschistus heros
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O percevejo-marrom-da-soja, Euschistus heros, é a praga mais significativa na América do Sul, especialmente no Brasil, onde causa danos diretos a culturas-chave como a soja (Glycine max). O controle químico predominante, baseado principalmente em organofosforados, neonicotinoides e piretroides, tem levado ao desenvolvimento de populações resistentes e representa um risco considerável para organismos não alvo, como a abelha Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, responsável por 95,5% da polinização cruzada da soja, e o parasitoide Telenomus podisi, utilizado no controle biológico da praga. Diante da necessidade de alternativas mais sustentáveis, tem havido um crescente interesse por produtos naturais que possam oferecer maior seletividade e menor persistência ambiental. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade inseticida de dois óleos essenciais do gênero Siparuna (Siparuna gesnerioides e Siparuna guianensis), do timol (uma molécula isolada de plantas) e de um triazol semissintético derivado da piperina, contra ninfas de terceiro ínstar de E. heros. O estudo foi dividido em dois capítulos. No primeiro, foi avaliado o efeito letal dos dois óleos essenciais de Siparuna e do timol sobre o percevejo- marrom-da-soja, bem como sua seletividade para a abelha A. mellifera e o parasitoide T. podisi. Os resultados indicaram que tanto os óleos essenciais quanto o timol podem ser considerados bioinseticidas, pois causaram mortalidade de E. heros em baixas concentrações: S. guianensis (CL50 = 0,85 (0,67 - 1,07) µL/mL), S. gesnerioides (CL50 = 2,52 (2,06 - 3,08) µL/mL) e timol (CL50 = 0,80 (0,71 - 0,87) µL/mL). No entanto, o timol revelou-se mais tóxico do que os óleos essenciais, embora tenha mostrado menor seletividade para os organismos não alvo estudados. No segundo capítulo, foi avaliada a atividade inseticida de 14 compostos semissintéticos derivados da piperina, estabelecendo-se a letalidade à concentração de 3 µL/mL. Foi adotado o limiar de letalidade de 50% para definir um composto como potencial inseticida. Dos 14 compostos, apenas três excederam esse limiar, sendo possível calcular uma curva concentração-resposta para um deles: [1-(4-(4- nitrobenzil)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-il)metil (2E,4E)-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-il)penta-2,4- dienoato], com CL50 = 1,36 (1,06 - 1,67) µL/mL, sugerindo seu potencial como inseticida para o controle de E. heros. Apesar da promessa observada em outros dois compostos da série, são necessários mais estudos para avaliar seus efeitos sobre organismos alvo e não alvo. Os inseticidas botânicos avaliados mostram potencial para uso estratégico no manejo integrado de pragas, podendo contribuir com alternativas mais sustentáveis no controle do percevejo-marrom-da-soja. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para otimizar sua eficácia e segurança em diferentes agroecossistemas. Palavras-chave: percevejo marrom da soja; inseticidas botânicos; inseticidas naturais; manejo biorracional de pragas.
The soybean brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, is the most significant pest in South America, especially in Brazil, where it causes direct damage to key crops such as soybean (Glycine max). The predominant chemical control, mainly based on organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and pyrethroids, has led to the development of resistant populations and poses a considerable risk to non-target organisms, such as the honeybee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, which performs 95.5% of soybean cross-pollination, and the parasitoid Telenomus podisi, used in biological control of the pest. Given the need for more sustainable alternatives, there has been growing interest in natural products that could offer greater selectivity and lower environmental persistence.This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of two essential oils from the Siparuna genus (Siparuna gesnerioides and Siparuna guianensis), thymol, a molecule isolated from plants, and a semisynthetic triazole derived from piperine, against third instar nymphs of E. heros. The study was divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the lethal effect of the two essential oils from Siparuna and thymol on the soybean brown stink bug was evaluated, as well as their selectivity for the honeybee A. mellifera and the parasitoid T. podisi. The results indicated that both the essential oils and thymol could be considered bioinsecticides, as they killed third instar E. heros at low concentrations: S. guianensis (CL50 = 0.85 (0.67-1.07) µL/mL), S. gesnerioides (CL50 = 2.52 (2.06 - 3.08) µL/mL), and thymol (CL50 = 0.80 (0.71 - 0.87) µL/mL). However, thymol proved to be more toxic than the essential oils, although it showed lower selectivity for the non-target organisms studied. In the second chapter, the insecticidal activity of 14 semisynthetic compounds derived from piperine was evaluated, establishing lethality at 3 µL/mL. A 50% lethality threshold was used for the tested concentration to define the molecule as a potential insecticide. Of the 14 compounds, only three exceeded this lethality threshold, and a concentration-response curve was calculated for one of them, [1-(4- (4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl (2E,4E)-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)penta- 2,4-dienoate)], with CL50 = 1.36 (1.06 - 1.67) µL/mL, suggesting its potential as an insecticide for controlling E. heros. Despite the promise of two other compounds from the series, further studies are needed to evaluate their effects on target and non- target organisms. The evaluated botanical insecticides show potential for strategic use in integrated pest management, possibly contributing to more sustainable alternatives in controlling the soybean brown stink bug. However, more research is needed to optimize their efficacy and safety in different agroecosystems. Keywords: soybean brown stink bug; botanical insecticides; natural insecticides; biorational pest management.
The soybean brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, is the most significant pest in South America, especially in Brazil, where it causes direct damage to key crops such as soybean (Glycine max). The predominant chemical control, mainly based on organophosphates, neonicotinoids, and pyrethroids, has led to the development of resistant populations and poses a considerable risk to non-target organisms, such as the honeybee Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758, which performs 95.5% of soybean cross-pollination, and the parasitoid Telenomus podisi, used in biological control of the pest. Given the need for more sustainable alternatives, there has been growing interest in natural products that could offer greater selectivity and lower environmental persistence.This study aimed to evaluate the insecticidal activity of two essential oils from the Siparuna genus (Siparuna gesnerioides and Siparuna guianensis), thymol, a molecule isolated from plants, and a semisynthetic triazole derived from piperine, against third instar nymphs of E. heros. The study was divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, the lethal effect of the two essential oils from Siparuna and thymol on the soybean brown stink bug was evaluated, as well as their selectivity for the honeybee A. mellifera and the parasitoid T. podisi. The results indicated that both the essential oils and thymol could be considered bioinsecticides, as they killed third instar E. heros at low concentrations: S. guianensis (CL50 = 0.85 (0.67-1.07) µL/mL), S. gesnerioides (CL50 = 2.52 (2.06 - 3.08) µL/mL), and thymol (CL50 = 0.80 (0.71 - 0.87) µL/mL). However, thymol proved to be more toxic than the essential oils, although it showed lower selectivity for the non-target organisms studied. In the second chapter, the insecticidal activity of 14 semisynthetic compounds derived from piperine was evaluated, establishing lethality at 3 µL/mL. A 50% lethality threshold was used for the tested concentration to define the molecule as a potential insecticide. Of the 14 compounds, only three exceeded this lethality threshold, and a concentration-response curve was calculated for one of them, [1-(4- (4-nitrobenzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl (2E,4E)-5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)penta- 2,4-dienoate)], with CL50 = 1.36 (1.06 - 1.67) µL/mL, suggesting its potential as an insecticide for controlling E. heros. Despite the promise of two other compounds from the series, further studies are needed to evaluate their effects on target and non- target organisms. The evaluated botanical insecticides show potential for strategic use in integrated pest management, possibly contributing to more sustainable alternatives in controlling the soybean brown stink bug. However, more research is needed to optimize their efficacy and safety in different agroecosystems. Keywords: soybean brown stink bug; botanical insecticides; natural insecticides; biorational pest management.
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OLIVEIRA, Joel Marques de. Plantas neotropicais como fonte de inspiração para novos inseticidas no controle de Euschistus heros. 2024. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
