Vespas sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em áreas de cerrado no estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Vespas sociais, registradas no Brasil, são todas da subfamília Polistinae, distribuídas em três tribos, 21 gêneros e 381 espécies descritas. Esses insetos são importantes como polinizadores, indicadores de qualidade ambiental e no controle biológico de insetos-praga. No entanto, a diversidade e os hábitos de nidificação dessas vespas precisam ser mais bem estudados na região Oeste do estado da Bahia, Brasil com registros faunísticos reduzidos desses insetos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de vespas sociais, eficiência de métodos de coleta e os hábitos de nidificação desses insetos em área de Cerrado no município de Angical, oeste do estado da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no município de Angical, estado da Bahia, Brasil em três áreas distantes entre si por, aproximadamente, 1000 metros, de novembro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. Um transecto de 600m foi delimitado, por área, onde as vespas foram coletadas em armadilhas atrativas com suco de maracujá e manga, busca ativa por indivíduos forrageando e registros dos ninhos. Os ninhos encontrados foram fotografados, e os substratos de nidificação identificados. Um total de 457 indivíduos de cinco gêneros e nove espécies da tribo Epiponini foi coletado. Polybia erythrothorax Richards, 1978 é um novo registro para a Bahia e região Nordeste do Brasil. Agelaia pallipes (Olivier, 1792) e Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus, 1767) foram registradas pela primeira vez no Cerrado do estado da Bahia. A eficiência dos métodos de busca ativa e armadilhas atrativas, foi de 100% e 66% das espécies de Vespidae coletadas, respectivamente. Trinta e sete e cinco ninhos de vespas sociais foram registrados nas áreas de mata ciliar e mato/pastagem, respectivamente. A diversidade de vespas sociais na região Oeste do estado da Bahia no bioma Cerrado do Brasil é alta, aumentando para 86 e 125 o número de espécies nesse estado e na região Nordeste, respectivamente. Os primeiros registros de P. erythrothorax para o nordeste brasileiro e o de A. pallipes e S. surinama para o Cerrado baiano, evidencia a necessidade de se aumentar o esforço amostral da fauna de vespas sociais nesse bioma.
Palavras-chave: Insetos sociais. Marimbondos. Nidificação. Vespifauna.
Social wasps, recorded in Brazil, are all of the Polistinae subfamily, distributed in three tribes, 21 genera and 381 described species. These insects are important as pollinators, indicators of environmental quality and for the biological control of insect pests. However, the diversity and nesting habits of these wasps need further studies in the western region of the state of Bahia, Brazil with reduced records of these insects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of social wasps, the efficiency of collecting methods and the nesting habits of these insects in a Cerrado area in the municipality of Angical, west of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Angical, state of Bahia, Brazil in three areas distant from each other by approximately 1000 meters, from November 2020 to January 2021. A 600m transect was delimited, per area, where wasps were collected in attractive traps with passion fruit and mango juice, active search and nest search. The nests found were photographed and the nesting substrates identified. A total of 457 wasps from five genera and nine species of the Epiponini tribe were collected. Polybia erythrothorax Richards, 1978 is a new record for the Bahia state and the Northeastern Brazil. Agelaia pallipes (Olivier, 1792) and Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus, 1767) were recorded for the first time in the Cerrado of the Bahia state. The efficiency in collecting Vespidae species, using active search methods and attractive traps, was 100% and 66%, respectively. Thirty-seven and five nests of social wasps were recorded in riparian and bush/pasture areas, respectively. The diversity of social wasps in the western region of the state of Bahia in the Cerrado biome of Brazil is high, increasing to 86 and 125 the number of species in this state and in the Northeast region, respectively. The first records of P. erythrothorax for the Brazilian northeast and that of A. pallipes and S. surinama for the Cerrado of Bahia, evidence the need to increase the sampling effort of the social wasp fauna in this biome. Keywords: Nesting. Social insects. Vespifauna. Wasps.
Social wasps, recorded in Brazil, are all of the Polistinae subfamily, distributed in three tribes, 21 genera and 381 described species. These insects are important as pollinators, indicators of environmental quality and for the biological control of insect pests. However, the diversity and nesting habits of these wasps need further studies in the western region of the state of Bahia, Brazil with reduced records of these insects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of social wasps, the efficiency of collecting methods and the nesting habits of these insects in a Cerrado area in the municipality of Angical, west of the state of Bahia, Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Angical, state of Bahia, Brazil in three areas distant from each other by approximately 1000 meters, from November 2020 to January 2021. A 600m transect was delimited, per area, where wasps were collected in attractive traps with passion fruit and mango juice, active search and nest search. The nests found were photographed and the nesting substrates identified. A total of 457 wasps from five genera and nine species of the Epiponini tribe were collected. Polybia erythrothorax Richards, 1978 is a new record for the Bahia state and the Northeastern Brazil. Agelaia pallipes (Olivier, 1792) and Synoeca surinama (Linnaeus, 1767) were recorded for the first time in the Cerrado of the Bahia state. The efficiency in collecting Vespidae species, using active search methods and attractive traps, was 100% and 66%, respectively. Thirty-seven and five nests of social wasps were recorded in riparian and bush/pasture areas, respectively. The diversity of social wasps in the western region of the state of Bahia in the Cerrado biome of Brazil is high, increasing to 86 and 125 the number of species in this state and in the Northeast region, respectively. The first records of P. erythrothorax for the Brazilian northeast and that of A. pallipes and S. surinama for the Cerrado of Bahia, evidence the need to increase the sampling effort of the social wasp fauna in this biome. Keywords: Nesting. Social insects. Vespifauna. Wasps.
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SILVA, Eldair Santos. Vespas sociais (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) em áreas de cerrado no estado da Bahia, nordeste do Brasil. 2022. 31 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
