Insights genômicos e pangenômicos a respeito da ocupação de nichos por leveduras metschnikowia
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Leveduras possuem grande plasticidade fisiológica e ecológica, derivadas das diferentes pressões seletivas que moldam seus genomas em resposta aos nichos que ocupam. O gênero Metschnikowia destaca-se como modelo para estudos evolutivos devido à sua ampla distribuição global e às suas interações com diversos nichos bióticos e abióticos. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar características genômicas associadas à adaptação a nichos ecológicos em Metschnikowia utilizando abordagens de genômica comparativa e pangenômica. A metodologia integrou análises de similaridade nucleotídica, anotação estrutural, reconstrução filogenômica, construção de pangenoma e análises de grafos. Foram recuperados 165 genomas públicos do GenBank e, após a curadoria das montagens e anotações estruturais, foi gerado um conjunto de dados final composto por 129 genomas. Os genomas exibiram ampla variação estrutural, com tamanhos entre 10,23 e 27,41 Mbp e conteúdo GC médio de 46,01%. Os resultados revelaram uma arquitetura pangenômica altamente dinâmica e de caráter aberto. O conjunto de genomas analisados obteve reduzido conjunto de genes core e elevado número de genes acessórios e únicos. Os resultados demonstraram que a diversidade genômica de Metschnikowia está associada à ocupação de diferentes nichos ecológicos e que sua história evolutiva foi marcada por intensa plasticidade genética. A árvore filogenômica, baseada em genes conservados, e os grafos de similaridade construídos a partir de genes acessórios apresentaram padrões similares, indicando que diferentes componentes do genoma contribuíram para a trajetória evolutiva do gênero. Os resultados ampliaram o conhecimento sobre a biologia, ecologia e evolução, além de estabelecer uma base para investigações funcionais, evolutivas e biotecnológicas. Palavras-chave: Metschnikowia, Genômica comparativa, Pangenômica, Adaptação ecológica.
Yeasts exhibit remarkable physiological and ecological plasticity, resulting from the diverse selective pressures that shape their genomes in response to the niches they occupy. The genus Metschnikowia stands out as a model for evolutionary studies due to its worldwide distribution and its interactions with a wide range of biotic and abiotic environments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genomic features associated with ecological niche adaptation in Metschnikowia using comparative genomics and pangenomics approaches. The methodology integrated nucleotide similarity analyses, structural annotation, phylogenomic reconstruction, pangenome construction, and graph-based analyses. A total of 165 public genomes were retrieved from GenBank, and after assembly curation and structural annotation quality control, a final dataset comprising 129 genomes was obtained. The genomes displayed substantial structural variation, ranging from 10.23 to 27.41 Mbp in size, with an average GC content of 46.01%. The results revealed a highly dynamic and open pangenome architecture. The analyzed genomes exhibited a reduced core gene set and a large number of accessory and unique genes. The findings demonstrated that the genomic diversity of Metschnikowia is associated with the occupation of distinct ecological niches and that its evolutionary history has been marked by extensive genetic plasticity. The phylogenomic tree, based on conserved genes, and the similarity graphs constructed from accessory genes showed similar patterns, indicating that different genomic components contributed to the evolutionary trajectory of the genus. These findings expand current knowledge of the biology, ecology, and evolution of Metschnikowia and provide a foundation for future functional, evolutionary, and biotechnological investigations. Keywords: Metschnikowia; Comparative genomics; Pangenomics; Ecological adaptation.
Yeasts exhibit remarkable physiological and ecological plasticity, resulting from the diverse selective pressures that shape their genomes in response to the niches they occupy. The genus Metschnikowia stands out as a model for evolutionary studies due to its worldwide distribution and its interactions with a wide range of biotic and abiotic environments. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate genomic features associated with ecological niche adaptation in Metschnikowia using comparative genomics and pangenomics approaches. The methodology integrated nucleotide similarity analyses, structural annotation, phylogenomic reconstruction, pangenome construction, and graph-based analyses. A total of 165 public genomes were retrieved from GenBank, and after assembly curation and structural annotation quality control, a final dataset comprising 129 genomes was obtained. The genomes displayed substantial structural variation, ranging from 10.23 to 27.41 Mbp in size, with an average GC content of 46.01%. The results revealed a highly dynamic and open pangenome architecture. The analyzed genomes exhibited a reduced core gene set and a large number of accessory and unique genes. The findings demonstrated that the genomic diversity of Metschnikowia is associated with the occupation of distinct ecological niches and that its evolutionary history has been marked by extensive genetic plasticity. The phylogenomic tree, based on conserved genes, and the similarity graphs constructed from accessory genes showed similar patterns, indicating that different genomic components contributed to the evolutionary trajectory of the genus. These findings expand current knowledge of the biology, ecology, and evolution of Metschnikowia and provide a foundation for future functional, evolutionary, and biotechnological investigations. Keywords: Metschnikowia; Comparative genomics; Pangenomics; Ecological adaptation.
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MOREIRA, Pedro Gabriel Carneiro. Insights genômicos e pangenômicos a respeito da ocupação de nichos por leveduras metschnikowia. 2026. 63 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
