Avaliação ecotoxicológica de solos e estéril oriundos de áreas afetadas pelo rompimento de barragem em Brumadinho – MG
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O rompimento da barragem 1 da Mina Córrego do Feijão, localizada em Brumadinho (MG), em 25 de janeiro de 2019, resultou na liberação de milhões de metros cúbicos de rejeitos de mineração de ferro no vale do Córrego Ferro-Carvão e ao longo do Rio Paraopeba. Com o avanço das ações de recuperação, diversas intervenções foram realizadas, incluindo a remoção do rejeito e a reconformação topográfica das áreas diretamente atingidas (ADA). Com isso, os projetos de restauração ecológica passaram a ser realizados com solos remanescentes e estéreis. Neste cenário, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade ecotoxicológica desses solos por meio do ensaio de comportamento de fuga com o bioindicador ambiental Eisenia andrei, conforme estabelecido na ABNT NBR ISO 17512-1:2011. O estudo foi conduzido com quatro tratamentos, seguindo o seguinte delineamento: controle vs controle (T1), controle vs solo remanescente (T2), controle vs estéril (T3) e controle vs estéril acrescido de composto orgânico (T4), com cinco repetições por tratamento. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas nos três solos, que revelaram altos teores totais de elementos potencialmente tóxicos nos materiais, em especial o ferro (37,0 g/kg no solo remanescente e 103,48 g/kg no estéril), manganês (165,27 mg/kg no remanescente e 2.274 mg/kg no estéril) e arsênio (10,38 mg/kg no solo remanescente e 29,56 mg/kg no estéril), quantificados por ICP-OES após digestão ácida conforme o método EPA 3051A. Os resultados do ensaio demonstraram evitamento significativo do solo-teste em todos os tratamentos (teste t pareado; p < 0,05), com valores médios de fuga de 98% (T2), 88% (T3) e 64 % (T4). Os solos-teste apresentaram função de habitat limitada (≥ 80%). O tratamento 4, que recebeu o acréscimo de composto orgânico, apresentou valores médios de fuga reduzidos, sugerindo atenuação dos efeitos adversos. Após o teste, avaliações morfológicas individuais revelaram alterações nos organismos expostos aos materiais testados. Dentre os doze indivíduos encontrados nos solos do teste, apenas três minhocas apresentaram alterações morfológicas, incluindo despigmentação, retração do clitelo, redução da resposta a estímulos táteis leves e estreitamento da região anterior do corpo. Portanto, os resultados indicam que os substratos analisados, mesmo após a remoção do rejeito, não conseguem favorecer a vida, principalmente da fauna edáfica, pois sua função de habitat ainda está comprometida, o que leva a recomendações de novas intervenções, como a utilização de compostos orgânicos nos substratos e monitoramentos ecotoxicológicos periódicos para garantir a eficiência dos processos de recuperação ambiental. Palavras-chave: mineração; Eisenia andrei; ecotoxicologia.
The failure of Dam I at the Córrego do Feijão Mine, located in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on January 25, 2019, resulted in the release of millions of cubic meters of iron ore tailings into the Ferro-Carvão Stream valley and along the Paraopeba River. As recovery efforts progressed, several interventions were implemented, including tailings removal and topographic reshaping of the directly affected areas. Consequently, ecological restoration projects began to be implemented using residual soils and mine waste rock. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological quality of these materials through an avoidance behavior test using the environmental bioindicator Eisenia andrei, in accordance with the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR ISO 17512-1:2011. The study comprised four treatments arranged as follows: control versus control (T1), control versus residual soil (T2), control versus waste rock (T3), and control versus waste rock amended with organic compost (T4), with five replicates per treatment. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the three test materials and revealed high total concentrations of potentially toxic elements, particularly iron (37.0 g kg−1 in the residual soil and 103.48 g kg−1 in the waste rock), manganese (165.27 mg kg−1 in the residual soil and 2,274 mg kg−1 in the waste rock), and arsenic (10.38 mg kg−1 in the residual soil and 29.56 mg kg−1 in the waste rock). These elements were quantified by ICP- OES after acid digestion, in accordance with EPA Method 3051A. The avoidance test showed significant avoidance of the test materials in all treatments (paired t-test; p < 0.05), with mean avoidance rates of 98% for T2, 88% for T3, and 64% for T4. The test materials exhibited limited habitat function, as indicated by avoidance rates ≥ 80%. Treatment 4, which received organic compost, showed a lower mean avoidance rate, suggesting attenuation of the adverse effects. After the test, individual morphological assessments revealed alterations in organisms exposed to the test materials. Among the twelve individuals found in the test soils, only three earthworms exhibited morphological changes, including depigmentation, clitellum retraction reduced responsiveness to gentle tactile stimuli, and narrowing of the anterior body region. Therefore, the results indicate that the evaluated substrates, even after tailings removal, remain unsuitable for sustaining biological activity, particularly soil fauna, because their habitat function is still impaired. These findings support the need for additional interventions, including incorporating organic amendments into the substrates and conducting periodic ecotoxicological monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of environmental recovery processes. Keywords: mining; Eisenia andrei; ecotoxicology.
The failure of Dam I at the Córrego do Feijão Mine, located in Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, on January 25, 2019, resulted in the release of millions of cubic meters of iron ore tailings into the Ferro-Carvão Stream valley and along the Paraopeba River. As recovery efforts progressed, several interventions were implemented, including tailings removal and topographic reshaping of the directly affected areas. Consequently, ecological restoration projects began to be implemented using residual soils and mine waste rock. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the ecotoxicological quality of these materials through an avoidance behavior test using the environmental bioindicator Eisenia andrei, in accordance with the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR ISO 17512-1:2011. The study comprised four treatments arranged as follows: control versus control (T1), control versus residual soil (T2), control versus waste rock (T3), and control versus waste rock amended with organic compost (T4), with five replicates per treatment. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the three test materials and revealed high total concentrations of potentially toxic elements, particularly iron (37.0 g kg−1 in the residual soil and 103.48 g kg−1 in the waste rock), manganese (165.27 mg kg−1 in the residual soil and 2,274 mg kg−1 in the waste rock), and arsenic (10.38 mg kg−1 in the residual soil and 29.56 mg kg−1 in the waste rock). These elements were quantified by ICP- OES after acid digestion, in accordance with EPA Method 3051A. The avoidance test showed significant avoidance of the test materials in all treatments (paired t-test; p < 0.05), with mean avoidance rates of 98% for T2, 88% for T3, and 64% for T4. The test materials exhibited limited habitat function, as indicated by avoidance rates ≥ 80%. Treatment 4, which received organic compost, showed a lower mean avoidance rate, suggesting attenuation of the adverse effects. After the test, individual morphological assessments revealed alterations in organisms exposed to the test materials. Among the twelve individuals found in the test soils, only three earthworms exhibited morphological changes, including depigmentation, clitellum retraction reduced responsiveness to gentle tactile stimuli, and narrowing of the anterior body region. Therefore, the results indicate that the evaluated substrates, even after tailings removal, remain unsuitable for sustaining biological activity, particularly soil fauna, because their habitat function is still impaired. These findings support the need for additional interventions, including incorporating organic amendments into the substrates and conducting periodic ecotoxicological monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of environmental recovery processes. Keywords: mining; Eisenia andrei; ecotoxicology.
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CARLOS, Sinara Salgado. Avaliação ecotoxicológica de solos e estéril oriundos de áreas afetadas pelo rompimento de barragem em Brumadinho – MG. 2026. 44 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
