Investigação dos fenômenos Hall de spin e Hall orbital inversos em filmes finos de cromo
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O momento angular orbital (OAM) foi por décadas tratado como agente secundário na Spintrônica tradicional. Isto porque acreditava-se que o grau de liberdade de OAM estava congelado em sólidos. Entretanto, estudos recentes confirmaram que o OAM pode ser manipulado em sólidos com textura orbital. O efeito Hall orbital é o fluxo de OAM transversal à aplicação de um campo elétrico externo. Em contraste com o efeito Hall de spin (SHE), o OHE não depende de forte acoplamento spin- órbita (SOC), tornando elementos mais leves os principais candidatos para aplicações na Orbitrônica. Foi inicialmente previsto teoricamente e experimentalmente confirmado que o Cr possui uma grande condutividade Hall orbital positiva no OHE direto. No entanto, o efeito Hall orbital inverso (IOHE), no qual a corrente orbital é convertida em corrente de carga, segue ainda pouco explorado. Neste trabalho, exploramos os mecanismos de conversão spin-para- carga e orbital-para-carga em filmes finos de Cr. Investigamos o SHE inverso (ISHE) em amostras de YIG/Cr(6 nm) e YIG/Pt(6 nm), nas quais a corrente pura de spins é bombeada termicamente via efeito Seebeck de spin (SSE). Para estudar a conversão orbital-carga no Cr, fabricamos amostras YIG/Pt(2 nm)/Cr(t), variando-se a espessura do Cr de 2 a 10 nm. Enquanto as bicamadas YIG/Cr e YIG/Pt são governadas pelo ISHE, o IOHE desempenha um papel importante na estrutura tricamada, onde o YIG/Pt(2 nm) bombeia corrente spin-orbital acoplada para a camada de Cr adjacente. Nossos resultados revelam que o Cr exibe um baixo e negativo ISHE comparado com a Pt, mas um alto e negativo IOHE. Entretanto, na amostra com camada mais fina de Cr (t = 2 nm), detectamos uma contribuição orbital-para-carga positiva, que foi atribuída a efeitos tipo Rashba-Edelstein orbital inverso (IOREE) na interface Pt/Cr, e que é rapidamente suprimida pela contribuição negativa do IOHE no volume do Cr à medida que a espessura aumenta. Esses resultados servem como valioso aparato experimental para o desenvolvimento de modelos teóricos mais abrangentes envolvendo o efeito Hall orbital inverso, a conversão spin-orbital em materiais com forte acoplamento spin-órbita e os efeitos tipo Rashba-Edelstein orbital inverso. Palavras-chave: Spintrônica; Orbitrônica; magnetismo; correntes orbitais; correntes de spin
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) was for decades treated as a secondary agent in traditional Spintronics. This is because it was believed that the OAM degree of freedom was frozen in solids. However, recent studies have confirmed that OAM can be manipulated in solids with orbital texture. The orbital Hall effect is the flow of OAM transverse to the application of an external electric field. In contrast with the spin Hall effect (SHE), the OHE does not depend on strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), making lighter elements the main candidates for applications in Orbitronics. It was initially predicted in theory and experimentally confirmed that Cr has a large positive orbital Hall conductivity in the direct OHE. However, the inverse orbital Hall effect (IOHE), in which the orbital current is converted into charge current, remains largely unexplored. In this work, we explore the mechanisms of spin-to-charge and orbital-to-charge conversion in thin films of Cr. We investigate the inverse SHE (ISHE) in YIG/Cr(6 nm) and YIG/Pt(6 nm) samples, in which the pure spin current is thermally pumped via the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). To study orbital-to-charge conversion in Cr, we fabricated YIG/Pt(2 nm)/Cr(t) samples, varying the Cr thickness from 2 to 10 nm. While the YIG/Cr and YIG/Pt bilayers are governed by the ISHE, the IOHE plays an important role in the trilayer structure, where YIG/Pt(2 nm) pumps spin–orbital coupled current into the adjacent Cr layer. Our results reveal that Cr exhibits a low and negative ISHE compared with Pt, but a high and negative IOHE. However, in the sample with the thinnest Cr layer (t = 2 nm), we detect a positive orbital-to-charge contribution, which was attributed to inverse orbital Rashba–Edelstein–like effects (IOREE) at the Pt/Cr interface, and which is rapidly suppressed by the negative IOHE contribution in the Cr bulk as the thickness increases. These results serve as a valuable experimental framework for the development of more comprehensive theoretical models involving the inverse orbital Hall effect, spin–orbital conversion in materials with strong spin–orbit coupling, and inverse orbital Rashba–Edelstein–like effects. Keywords: Spintronics; Orbitronics; magnetism; orbital currents; spin currents
The orbital angular momentum (OAM) was for decades treated as a secondary agent in traditional Spintronics. This is because it was believed that the OAM degree of freedom was frozen in solids. However, recent studies have confirmed that OAM can be manipulated in solids with orbital texture. The orbital Hall effect is the flow of OAM transverse to the application of an external electric field. In contrast with the spin Hall effect (SHE), the OHE does not depend on strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), making lighter elements the main candidates for applications in Orbitronics. It was initially predicted in theory and experimentally confirmed that Cr has a large positive orbital Hall conductivity in the direct OHE. However, the inverse orbital Hall effect (IOHE), in which the orbital current is converted into charge current, remains largely unexplored. In this work, we explore the mechanisms of spin-to-charge and orbital-to-charge conversion in thin films of Cr. We investigate the inverse SHE (ISHE) in YIG/Cr(6 nm) and YIG/Pt(6 nm) samples, in which the pure spin current is thermally pumped via the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). To study orbital-to-charge conversion in Cr, we fabricated YIG/Pt(2 nm)/Cr(t) samples, varying the Cr thickness from 2 to 10 nm. While the YIG/Cr and YIG/Pt bilayers are governed by the ISHE, the IOHE plays an important role in the trilayer structure, where YIG/Pt(2 nm) pumps spin–orbital coupled current into the adjacent Cr layer. Our results reveal that Cr exhibits a low and negative ISHE compared with Pt, but a high and negative IOHE. However, in the sample with the thinnest Cr layer (t = 2 nm), we detect a positive orbital-to-charge contribution, which was attributed to inverse orbital Rashba–Edelstein–like effects (IOREE) at the Pt/Cr interface, and which is rapidly suppressed by the negative IOHE contribution in the Cr bulk as the thickness increases. These results serve as a valuable experimental framework for the development of more comprehensive theoretical models involving the inverse orbital Hall effect, spin–orbital conversion in materials with strong spin–orbit coupling, and inverse orbital Rashba–Edelstein–like effects. Keywords: Spintronics; Orbitronics; magnetism; orbital currents; spin currents
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Keywords
Spintrônica, Efeito Hall orbital inverso, Efeito Hall de spin inverso, Momento angular orbital – Estado sólido, Filmes finos – Spintrônica, Cromo – Propriedades magnéticas, Correntes de spin – Conversão, Acoplamento spin-órbita, Transporte de carga – Efeitos Hall, Efeito Seebeck de spin, Efeito Rashba-Edelstein
Citation
ANDRADE, Murilo Quirino de. Investigação dos fenômenos Hall de spin e Hall orbital inversos em filmes finos de cromo. 2025. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
