Avaliação da eficácia e segurança do óleo essencial de palmarosa, Cymbopogon martinii, como sedativo e anestésico para carpas ornamentais, Cyprinus carpio
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Os manejos de classificação por tamanho, transferência entre tanques e o transporte, bem como manipilações durante pesquisas, causam estresse nos peixes, desencadeando redução da imunidade e do crescimento e da reprodução, resultando em prejuízos econômicos. A mitigação desses distúrbios frequentemente é feita pelo uso de aditivos na água, que permitem manter o bem-estar dos peixes, como o sal comum e sedativos sintéticos e naturais, como os óleos essenciais. Dentre os sedativos naturais, óleo essencial de palmarosa, Cymbopogon martinii, apresenta potencial como sedativo e anestésico por apresentar altas concentrações de geraniol, um potente anestésico, comprovadamente eficaz em peixes. Além disso, o óleo de palmarosa também apresenta propriedades como antibacteriana, antifúngica, anti-inflamatória e antioxidante, que o tornam promissor para uso durante o manejo e transporte de peixes. Contudo, sua eficácia e segurança como sedativo e anestésico para peixes ainda não foi avaliada. Portanto, objetivamos avaliar a eficácia e segurança do óleo de palmarosa como sedativo/anestésico para juvenis de carpa ornamental, Cyprinus carpio. Foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualisado com 13 tratamentos e dez repetições. As concentrações de óleo de palmarosa testadas foram de: 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 150 L/L. Cada peixe foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Foram utiliados dois aquários de vidro (5 L), sob aeração contínua e temperatura controlada (25 °C), sendo um destinado à anestesia e outro à recuperação dos peixes. No aquário utilizado para a anestesia, foi adicionada a solução estoque de óleo de palmarosa para obtenção das concentrações desejadas. Para avaliar a segurança do óleo de palmarosa, após a recuperação da anestesia, os peixes foram transferidos para aquários de 60L onde a mortalidade foi monitorada durante 96h. Houve redução significativa dos tempos de indução aos diferentes estágios de sedação/anestesia com o aumento da concentração de óleo de palmarosa. Contudo, quanto maior a concentração do óleo, maior foi o tempo de recuperação. Após 96h de observação, o óleo de palmarosa não influenciou a taxa de sobrevivência dos peixes submetidos a anestesia e recuperação, indicando sua segurança. Portanto, concluimos que o óleo essencial de palmarosa é eficaz e seguro como sedativo para juvenis de carpa em doses de até 90 L/L. Contudo, sua eficácia como anestésico não foi comprovada, pois não atende aos critérios estipulados no presente estudo para os tempos de indução à anestesia profunda e à recuperação. Palavras-chave: capim-rosa; extratos vegetais; gerânio da Índia, peixes ornamentais; tranquilizante
Size classification, transfer between tanks, and transportation, as well as manipulations during research, cause stress in fish, triggering reduced immunity and growth and reproduction, resulting in economic losses. Mitigation of these disorders is often done by using additives in the water, which allow maintaining fish welfare, such as common salt and synthetic and natural sedatives, such as essential oils. Among natural sedatives, palmarosa essential oil, Cymbopogon martinii, has sedative/anesthetic potential because it contains high concentrations of geraniol, a potent anesthetic that has been proven to be effective in fish. In addition, palmarosa oil also has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make it promising for use during fish handling and transportation. However, its efficacy and safety as an anesthetic for fish have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palmarosa oil as a sedative/anesthetic for juvenile ornamental carp, Cyprinus carpio. A completely randomized design with 13 treatments and ten replicates was used. The concentrations of palmarosa oil tested were: 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140; and 150 L/L. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. Two glass aquariums (5 L) were used, under continuous aeration and controlled temperature (25°C), one for anesthesia and the other for fish recovery. In the aquarium used for anesthesia, the stock solution of palmarosa oil was added to obtain the desired concentrations. To evaluate the safety of palmarosa oil, after recovery from anesthesia, fish were transferred to 60 L aquariums where mortality was monitored for 96 h. There was a significant reduction in the induction times to the different stages of sedation/anesthesia with the increase in the concentration of palmarosa oil. However, the higher the concentration of the oil, the longer the recovery time. After 96 h of observation, palmarosa oil did not influence the survival rate of fish subjected to anesthesia and recovery, indicating its safety. Therefore, we conclude that palmarosa essential oil is effective and safe as a sedative for juvenile carp at doses up to 90 L/L. However, its efficacy as an anesthetic has not been proven, since it does not meet the criteria stipulated in the present study for the times of induction to deep anesthesia and recovery. Keywords: Indian geranium; ornamental fish; plant extracts; rose grass; tranquilizer
Size classification, transfer between tanks, and transportation, as well as manipulations during research, cause stress in fish, triggering reduced immunity and growth and reproduction, resulting in economic losses. Mitigation of these disorders is often done by using additives in the water, which allow maintaining fish welfare, such as common salt and synthetic and natural sedatives, such as essential oils. Among natural sedatives, palmarosa essential oil, Cymbopogon martinii, has sedative/anesthetic potential because it contains high concentrations of geraniol, a potent anesthetic that has been proven to be effective in fish. In addition, palmarosa oil also has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, which make it promising for use during fish handling and transportation. However, its efficacy and safety as an anesthetic for fish have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palmarosa oil as a sedative/anesthetic for juvenile ornamental carp, Cyprinus carpio. A completely randomized design with 13 treatments and ten replicates was used. The concentrations of palmarosa oil tested were: 30; 40; 50; 60; 70; 80; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140; and 150 L/L. Each fish was considered an experimental unit. Two glass aquariums (5 L) were used, under continuous aeration and controlled temperature (25°C), one for anesthesia and the other for fish recovery. In the aquarium used for anesthesia, the stock solution of palmarosa oil was added to obtain the desired concentrations. To evaluate the safety of palmarosa oil, after recovery from anesthesia, fish were transferred to 60 L aquariums where mortality was monitored for 96 h. There was a significant reduction in the induction times to the different stages of sedation/anesthesia with the increase in the concentration of palmarosa oil. However, the higher the concentration of the oil, the longer the recovery time. After 96 h of observation, palmarosa oil did not influence the survival rate of fish subjected to anesthesia and recovery, indicating its safety. Therefore, we conclude that palmarosa essential oil is effective and safe as a sedative for juvenile carp at doses up to 90 L/L. However, its efficacy as an anesthetic has not been proven, since it does not meet the criteria stipulated in the present study for the times of induction to deep anesthesia and recovery. Keywords: Indian geranium; ornamental fish; plant extracts; rose grass; tranquilizer
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MACHADO FILHO, Cláudio Antunes. Avaliação da eficácia e segurança do óleo essencial de palmarosa, Cymbopogon martinii, como sedativo e anestésico para carpas ornamentais, Cyprinus carpio. 2025. 22 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
