Pequenos mamíferos não-voadores da Reserva Mata do Paraíso: estudo comparativo de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no período de 27 anos
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Dentre os diversos impactos gerados pelo uso da terra destaca-se a fragmentação, sendo este um dos processos mais difundidos pelo homem. O aparecimento de barreiras pode alterar a dinâmica populacional das comunidades silvestres locais, por limitar fatores como a dispersão e colonização no meio. Na Mata Atlântica brasileira, que apresenta um mosaico de pequenos fragmentos, a conservação torna-se uma exigência e não mais uma opção. Este estudo visou determinar a correlação entre a riqueza e abundância de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores com a heterogeneidade estrutural de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no município de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, no decorrer de 27 anos. Assim, na Estação de Pesquisa, Treinamento e Educação Ambiental Mata do Paraíso foram selecionadas três áreas: Capoeira Inicial (CI), Capoeira Avançada (CA) e Mata Secundária (MT), nas quais foram instaladas pitfall e armadilha de isca (Sherman e gancho) intercaladas entre solo e sub-bosque. As coletas foram bimestrais de outubro/2016 a novembro/2018. Com esforço amostral de 6201 armadilhas-noite, foram registradas 21 espécies das quais, Oligoryzomys nigripes apresentou maior abundância, assim como Monodelphis (Microdelphys) americana. Dos 568 indivíduos avaliados, 145 são da ordem Didelphimorphia e 423 da ordem Rodentia. Para estimar a heterogeneidade, em cada linha foram obtidas cinco imagens ortogonais da cobertura vegetal com lente olho de peixe, acima de cada pitfall. Posteriormente essas imagens foram analisadas indicando uma variedade estrutural maior na Capoeira Inicial. Diante de dados de riqueza, abundância, composição e similaridade dos pequenos mamíferos não-voadores nas áreas, foi possível inferir uma correlação baseada na complexidade e fidelidade da fauna de pequenos e na estrutura da vegetação local, sendo, ainda, necessário testar sua significância estatística. Apesar dos índices de diversidade (Shannon, Simpson e Equitabilidade) apresentarem divergências sobre o observado, foi possível perceber a ampliação da riqueza do fragmento no decorrer das pesquisas desenvolvidas, assim como a elucidação de alguns padrões de dinâmica das populações de mamíferos não-voadores presentes no fragmento estudado. Dessa forma, constatando a caracterização desta fauna, e compreendendo a necessidade de futuros levantamentos a fim de elucidar lacunas. Palavras-chave: Mata Atlântica; pequenos mamíferos não-voadores; fragmento florestal; seleção de habitat.
Among the various impacts generated by land use, fragmentation stands out, being one of the most widespread processes caused by man. The emergence of barriers can alter the population dynamics of local wild communities by limiting factors such as dispersal and colonization in the environment. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which presents a mosaic of small fragments, conservation becomes a requirement and no longer an option.This study aimed to determine the correlation between the richness and abundance of small non-volant mammals with the structural heterogeneity of an Atlantic Forest fragment in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, over the course of 27 years.Thus, at the Mata do Paraíso Research, Training and Environmental Education Station, three areas were selected: Initial Capoeira (CI), Advanced Capoeira (CA) and Secondary Forest (MT),in which pitfall and bait traps (Sherman and hook) were installed interspersed between soil and understory.Collections were bimonthly from October/2016 to November/2018.Thus, with a sampling effort of 6201 trap-nights, 21 species were recorded, of which Oligoryzomys nigripes was most abundant, as was Monodelphis (Microdelphys) americana. Of the 568 individuals evaluated, 145 are from the order Didelphimorphia and 423 representatives from the order Rodentia.To estimate heterogeneity,in each line five orthogonal images were obtained of vegetation cover with a fisheye lens, above each pitfall. These images were later analyzed, indicating a greater structural variety in Initial Capoeira. Based on data on richness, abundance, composition and similarity of small non-flying mammals in the areas,it was possible to infer a correlation based on the complexity and fidelity of the small fauna and the structure of the local vegetation,it is still necessary to test its statistical significance. Although the diversity indexes (Shannon, Simpson and Equitability) present some divergences from what was observed, it was possible to perceive the expansion of the richness of the fragment during the research developed, as well as the elucidation of some patterns of dynamics of the populations of non-flying mammals present in the studied fragment.Thus, confirming the characterization of this fauna, and understanding the need for future surveys in order to elucidate gaps that have not been answered to date. Keywords: Atlantic Forest; small non-flying mammals; structural heterogeneity; forest fragment; habitat selection.
Among the various impacts generated by land use, fragmentation stands out, being one of the most widespread processes caused by man. The emergence of barriers can alter the population dynamics of local wild communities by limiting factors such as dispersal and colonization in the environment. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which presents a mosaic of small fragments, conservation becomes a requirement and no longer an option.This study aimed to determine the correlation between the richness and abundance of small non-volant mammals with the structural heterogeneity of an Atlantic Forest fragment in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, over the course of 27 years.Thus, at the Mata do Paraíso Research, Training and Environmental Education Station, three areas were selected: Initial Capoeira (CI), Advanced Capoeira (CA) and Secondary Forest (MT),in which pitfall and bait traps (Sherman and hook) were installed interspersed between soil and understory.Collections were bimonthly from October/2016 to November/2018.Thus, with a sampling effort of 6201 trap-nights, 21 species were recorded, of which Oligoryzomys nigripes was most abundant, as was Monodelphis (Microdelphys) americana. Of the 568 individuals evaluated, 145 are from the order Didelphimorphia and 423 representatives from the order Rodentia.To estimate heterogeneity,in each line five orthogonal images were obtained of vegetation cover with a fisheye lens, above each pitfall. These images were later analyzed, indicating a greater structural variety in Initial Capoeira. Based on data on richness, abundance, composition and similarity of small non-flying mammals in the areas,it was possible to infer a correlation based on the complexity and fidelity of the small fauna and the structure of the local vegetation,it is still necessary to test its statistical significance. Although the diversity indexes (Shannon, Simpson and Equitability) present some divergences from what was observed, it was possible to perceive the expansion of the richness of the fragment during the research developed, as well as the elucidation of some patterns of dynamics of the populations of non-flying mammals present in the studied fragment.Thus, confirming the characterization of this fauna, and understanding the need for future surveys in order to elucidate gaps that have not been answered to date. Keywords: Atlantic Forest; small non-flying mammals; structural heterogeneity; forest fragment; habitat selection.
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ARAÚJO, Adrielli Ribeiro. Pequenos mamíferos não-voadores da Reserva Mata do Paraíso: estudo comparativo de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no período de 27 anos. 2025. 61 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
