Tratamento de esgoto doméstico por consórcio microalgas/bactérias para remoção de toxicidade e síntese de bioplástico
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Estudos anteriores demonstraram a eficiência de consórcios microalgas-bactérias na remoção de matéria orgânica, nutrientes, microrganismos patogênicos e alguns micropoluentes orgânicos do esgoto sanitário. No entanto, a remoção de compostos responsáveis pela toxicidade e pela atividade estrogênica foram estimados apenas pela remoção dos compostos originais, sem considerar os produtos de degradação incompleta e os potenciais efeitos interativos da mistura desses produtos formados. Portanto, nesse trabalho, uma abordagem direcionada aos efeitos nocivos foi realizada, para investigar a remoção de toxicidade e de atividade estrogênica por consórcio de microalgas-bactérias em esgoto doméstico tratado anaerobiamente. Bactérias heterotróficas presentes no esgoto municipal classificado como altamente tóxico reduziram a toxicidade pela metade em condições aeróbias; no entanto, apenas o consórcio de microalgas-bactérias eliminou a toxicidade após 48 h. A atividade estrogênica foi eliminada em 48 h nas frações de sólidos com tamanho inferior a 0,45 µm e superior a 0,7 µm, restando menos de 6% nos sólidos intermediários (entre 0,45 e 0,7 µm). Os resultados confirmam a capacidade do consórcio de remover eficazmente a toxicidade e a atividade estrogênica do esgoto sanitário, não apenas os compostos originalmente tóxicos ou estrogênicos, mas também seus produtos de transformação, com a participação ativa do metabolismo bacteriano e microalgal. Após a verificação da biorremediação do esgoto doméstico por consórcio microalgas-bactérias em escala de bancada, foi realizado o tratamento do esgoto em lagoas de alta taxa (LATs) em escala piloto para a produção de biomassa e síntese de bioplástico. Os plásticos foram produzidos de duas formas: 1) diretamente com a biomassa obtida no tratamento e, 2) com uma solução proteica extraída da biomassa. Nas duas formulações foi incorporado gelatina comercial para a formação dos filmes plásticos, além disso, dois compósitos (amido de milho e óxido de magnésio) foram adicionados para verificar a redução de solubilidade dos plásticos em água. A formulação conjunta de proteína solubilizada, amido de milho e óxido de magnésio resultou em bioplásticos resistentes à imersão em água e sem efeito fitotóxico para sementes de rúcula. Dessa forma, o uso de consórcios microalgas-bactérias apresenta grande potencial como tecnologia sustentável para o tratamento de esgotos e valorização de resíduos por meio da produção de bioplásticos. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para a otimização de processos em escala laboratorial e abrem caminho para futuras investigações sobre a viabilidade técnica, ambiental e econômica em escala industrial. Palavras-chave: biodegradação; estrogenicidade; fitotoxicidade; fotodegradação; intumescimento
Sewage treatment by microalgae-bacteria consortia has been shown to satisfactorily reduce organic matter, nutrients, pathogenic microorganisms and some organic micropollutants, but toxicity and estrogenic activity has only been estimated by removal of parent compounds responsible for this biological activity, without regard to the incomplete degradation byproducts or the potential interactive effects of the mixture of the degradation products. Therefore, an effects directed approach was undertaken to investigate estrogenic activity and toxicity removals by a microalgae- bacteria consortia in anaerobically treated municipal sewage. Heterotrophic bacteria present in municipal sewage, classified as highly toxic, reduced toxicity by half under aerobic conditions; however, only the microalgae-bacteria consortium eliminated toxicity after 48 hours. Estrogenic activity was eliminated within 48 h in the low (< 0.45 µm) and high (> 0.7 µm) sewage solid fractions, with less than 6% remaining in the solids between 0.45 and 0.7 µm. These results confirm the consortium’s capacity to effectively remove not only the parent toxic or estrogenic compounds but also their transformation products, through the combined metabolic activity of microalgae and bacteria. Following the bench-scale demonstration of domestic sewage bioremediation, pilot-scale treatment was conducted in high-rate algal ponds for biomass production and bioplastic synthesis. Bioplastics were produced using two approaches: (1) directly from the biomass obtained during treatment and (2) from an alkaline protein biomass extract. Commercial animal gelatin was incorporated into both formulations to produce plastic films. Additionally, two additives (cornstarch and magnesium oxide) were included to evaluate reductions in the water solubility of the plastics. The formulation with solubilized protein, cornstarch, and magnesium oxide produced bioplastics resistant to water immersion and free from phytotoxic effects, as shown in germination tests. These findings reinforce the potential of microalgae- bacteria consortia as a sustainable solution for sewage treatment and bioplastic production. The results support process optimization and future studies on industrial- scale feasibility. Keywords: biodegradation; estrogenicity; phytotoxicity; photodegradation; swelling
Sewage treatment by microalgae-bacteria consortia has been shown to satisfactorily reduce organic matter, nutrients, pathogenic microorganisms and some organic micropollutants, but toxicity and estrogenic activity has only been estimated by removal of parent compounds responsible for this biological activity, without regard to the incomplete degradation byproducts or the potential interactive effects of the mixture of the degradation products. Therefore, an effects directed approach was undertaken to investigate estrogenic activity and toxicity removals by a microalgae- bacteria consortia in anaerobically treated municipal sewage. Heterotrophic bacteria present in municipal sewage, classified as highly toxic, reduced toxicity by half under aerobic conditions; however, only the microalgae-bacteria consortium eliminated toxicity after 48 hours. Estrogenic activity was eliminated within 48 h in the low (< 0.45 µm) and high (> 0.7 µm) sewage solid fractions, with less than 6% remaining in the solids between 0.45 and 0.7 µm. These results confirm the consortium’s capacity to effectively remove not only the parent toxic or estrogenic compounds but also their transformation products, through the combined metabolic activity of microalgae and bacteria. Following the bench-scale demonstration of domestic sewage bioremediation, pilot-scale treatment was conducted in high-rate algal ponds for biomass production and bioplastic synthesis. Bioplastics were produced using two approaches: (1) directly from the biomass obtained during treatment and (2) from an alkaline protein biomass extract. Commercial animal gelatin was incorporated into both formulations to produce plastic films. Additionally, two additives (cornstarch and magnesium oxide) were included to evaluate reductions in the water solubility of the plastics. The formulation with solubilized protein, cornstarch, and magnesium oxide produced bioplastics resistant to water immersion and free from phytotoxic effects, as shown in germination tests. These findings reinforce the potential of microalgae- bacteria consortia as a sustainable solution for sewage treatment and bioplastic production. The results support process optimization and future studies on industrial- scale feasibility. Keywords: biodegradation; estrogenicity; phytotoxicity; photodegradation; swelling
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SILVA, Priscila Romana da. Tratamento de esgoto doméstico por consórcio microalgas/bactérias para remoção de toxicidade e síntese de bioplástico. 2025. 145 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
