Biocombustível de aviação obtido de microalgas cultivadas em águas residuárias: abordagem técnica, econômica e ambiental
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A microalgas oferecerem a possibilidade de recuperar recursos do tratamento de águas residuárias e serem valorizadas em combustível de aviação sustentável (SAF) por meio de rotas hidrotérmicas como a liquefação hidrotérmica (LHT) seguida pelo upgrading do bio-óleo e a gaseificação seguida pela síntese de Fischer-Tropsch (G+FT). Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial técnico-econômico e ambiental da conversão de microalgas em SAF por essas rotas. Primeiramente, a LHT e a G+FT foram comparadas por meio de uma avaliação do ciclo de vida. A rota LHT proporcionou captura de CO2, além de gerar menos impactos ambientais do que a G+FT nas 18 categorias de impacto avaliadas. Diante disso, um experimento de LHT e upgrading catalítico em uma etapa foi realizado. A temperatura de reação teve influência significativa no rendimento do bio-óleo, com os maiores valores sendo alcançados a 320 °C. O catalisador atuou na redução do teor de enxofre do bio-óleo, com os menores valores registrados na concentração de 10 %. O maior rendimento de bio-óleo (23,07 % em massa de base seca) foi obtido na reação a 320 °C, por 30 min com 10 % de catalisador. Foi feita a análise técnica, econômica e ambiental dessa rota e foi obtido um preço mínimo de venda do bio-óleo de $5,27.kg- 1. No contexto ambiental, a produção de bio-óleo resultou na captura 95 g CO eq.MJ-1. Assim, em termos econômicos, a conversão de microalgas em SAF ainda precisa ser melhorada para reduzir custos e alcançar competividade, mas em termos ambientais, essa biotecnologia tem potencial para fazer com que o setor da aviação atinja as suas metas de descarbonização Palavras-chave: Bioenergia; Bio-óleo; Liquefação hidrotérmica; Recuperação de recursos; Combustível de aviação sustentável.
Microalgae offer the potential to recover resources from wastewater treatment and be upgraded into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) through hydrothermal routes such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) followed by bio-oil upgrading, and gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (G+FT). Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the techno-economic and environmental potential of converting microalgae into SAF via these routes. First, HTL and G+FT were compared through a life cycle assessment. The HTL route enabled CO2 capture and resulted in lower environmental impacts than G+FT across all 18 evaluated impact categories. Based on these results, a one-step HTL and catalytic upgrading experiment was carried out. Reaction temperature had a significant influence on bio-oil yield, with the highest values obtained at 320 °C. The catalyst contributed to reducing the sulfur content of the bio-oil, with the lowest sulfur levels recorded at a 10% concentration. The highest bio-oil yield (23.07 % dry weight basis) was obtained at 320 °C, for 30 minutes, using 10 % catalyst. A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of this route was conducted, and a minimum selling price of $5.27 kg-1 for the bio-oil was determined. From an environmental perspective, the bio-oil production resulted in CO2 capture of 95 g CO2 eq.MJ-1. Thus, while the conversion of microalgae into SAF still requires improvements to reduce costs and achieve economic competitiveness, this biotechnology shows strong environmental potential to support the aviation sector in meeting its decarbonization targets. Keywords: Bioenergy; Bio-oil; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Resource recovery; Sustainable aviation fuel.
Microalgae offer the potential to recover resources from wastewater treatment and be upgraded into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) through hydrothermal routes such as hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) followed by bio-oil upgrading, and gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (G+FT). Therefore, the aim of this research was to assess the techno-economic and environmental potential of converting microalgae into SAF via these routes. First, HTL and G+FT were compared through a life cycle assessment. The HTL route enabled CO2 capture and resulted in lower environmental impacts than G+FT across all 18 evaluated impact categories. Based on these results, a one-step HTL and catalytic upgrading experiment was carried out. Reaction temperature had a significant influence on bio-oil yield, with the highest values obtained at 320 °C. The catalyst contributed to reducing the sulfur content of the bio-oil, with the lowest sulfur levels recorded at a 10% concentration. The highest bio-oil yield (23.07 % dry weight basis) was obtained at 320 °C, for 30 minutes, using 10 % catalyst. A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of this route was conducted, and a minimum selling price of $5.27 kg-1 for the bio-oil was determined. From an environmental perspective, the bio-oil production resulted in CO2 capture of 95 g CO2 eq.MJ-1. Thus, while the conversion of microalgae into SAF still requires improvements to reduce costs and achieve economic competitiveness, this biotechnology shows strong environmental potential to support the aviation sector in meeting its decarbonization targets. Keywords: Bioenergy; Bio-oil; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Resource recovery; Sustainable aviation fuel.
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MARANGON, Bianca Barros. Biocombustível de aviação obtido de microalgas cultivadas em águas residuárias: abordagem técnica, econômica e ambiental. 2025. 179 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
