Nanopartículas de polímeros conjugados (CPNs): estudo das propriedades físicas fundamentais
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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A contribuição da nanotecnologia em diversas áreas como ciências biológicas, saúde e farmacêuticas é notória. A tecnologia em torno dos nanomateriais é uma das áreas mais promissoras do cenário científico atual devido às características físicas e químicas dos materiais que a compõe. Nos últimos anos, nanopartículas semicondutoras luminescentes vêm despertando interesse na comunidade científica devido a suas propriedades ópticas. Dentre essa classe de nanopartículas, as nanopartículas luminescentes de polímeros conjugados, CPNs (Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles), têm se destacado por possuírem características versáteis e grande potencial de aplicações em optoeletrônica, fotônica, biossensores, nanomedicina, entre outras áreas. Além disso, é evidente que a fácil síntese, propriedades ajustáveis, menor toxicidade, maior compatibilidade com materiais biológicos e excelente fotoestabilidade, faz com que esses materiais despertem ainda mais interesse em diversas escolhas para aplicações e estudos de física básica. Dentro deste contexto, visando o estudo de características físicas fundamentais dessa classe de nanopartículas, neste trabalho foram produzidos CPNs através do método da reprecipitação, utilizando os polímeros conjugados MEH-PPV (Poly[2-methoxy-5- (2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene), que emite predominantemente na região do vermelho, e PFD (Poly(9,9-di-n dodecylfuorenyl-2,7-diyl)), que emite predominantemente no azul. Inicialmente foram produzidas e caracterizadas CPNs utilizando diferentes solventes e concentrações de polímeros, sendo que um dos principais comportamentos observados foi o deslocamento dos picos máximos de fluorescência nos espectros de emissão. Ademais, foram produzidos grupos distintos de CPNs: nanocompósitos de CPNs alterando a relação entre as concentrações dos diferentes polímeros utilizados e CPNs de blendas poliméricas dos respectivos polímeros, alterando a concentração entre eles no preparo das blendas. Todas as amostras foram estudadas pelas principais técnicas ópticas, como, espalhamento de luz, fotoluminescência do estado estacionário e resolvida no tempo, absorção, eficiência quântica de fotoluminescência, permitindo obter informações das principais propriedades físicas fundamentais destas CPNs. Como caracterização adicional, imagens de FEG-SEM foram feitas para certificar a existência das nanopartículas, seus formatos e tamanhos aproximados. Conseguimos observar comportamentos distintos de acordo com a quantidade de polímero utilizada e da forma de preparo das nanopartículas. Nesse caso os estudos indicaram a existência de processos de interação entre a mesma espécie do polímero e processos de transferência de energia de um polímero para o outro, que depende das condições de síntese escolhidas para a amostra produzida. Apesar das diferenças observadas nas caracterizações ópticas por meio das técnicas de fotoluminescência, absorbâncias e eficiência quântica, para CPNs de diferentes concentrações e grupos, os diâmetros hidrodinâmicos obtidos para as diferentes amostras não apresentaram grandes variações, resultando em nanopartículas esferoides de tamanhos similares. Palavras-chave: Nanoestruturas luminescentes.; Emissão.; Polímero Conjugado. ; Nanopartículas.
The contribution of nanotechnology in various fields such as biological sciences, health, and pharmaceuticals is remarkable. The technology surrounding nanomaterials is one of the most promising areas in today's scientific landscape due to the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials involved. In recent years, luminescent semiconducting nanoparticles have attracted interest in the scientific community due to their optical properties. Among this class of nanoparticles, luminescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have stood out for their versatile characteristics and significant potential for applications in optoelectronics, photonics, biosensors, nanomedicine, and other fields. Moreover, the ease of synthesis, adjustable properties, lower toxicity, greater compatibility with biological materials, and excellent photostability make these materials even more appealing for various applications and fundamental physics studies. Within this context, aiming to study the fundamental physical characteristics of this class of nanoparticles, this work produced CPNs using the reprecipitation method with the conjugated polymers MEH- PPV (Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]), which predominantly emits in the red region, and PFD (Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7- diyl)), which predominantly emits in the blue region. Initially, CPNs were produced and characterized using different solvents and polymer concentrations, with one of the main observed behaviors being the shift of fluorescence peak maxima in the emission spectra. Additionally, distinct groups of CPNs were produced: CPN nanocomposites by altering the concentration ratio of the different polymers used and polymer blend CPNs by modifying their concentration in the blend preparation. These were also studied using major optical techniques such as light scattering, steady- state and time-resolved photoluminescence, absorption, and quantum efficiency of luminescence, providing insights into the fundamental physical properties of these CPNs. As additional characterization, FEG-SEM images were taken to confirm the presence of nanoparticles, their shapes, and approximate sizes. Distinct behaviors were observed depending on the amount of polymer used and the nanoparticle preparation method. The studies indicated the existence of interaction processes between the same polymer species and energy transfer processes from one polymer to another, which depend on the chosen synthesis conditions of the produced sample. However, despite the differences observed in optical characterizations through photoluminescence, absorption, and quantum efficiency techniques, the hydrodynamic diameters obtained for the different samples did not show significant variations, resulting in spheroids nanoparticles of similar sizes. Keywords: Luminescent nanostructures; Emission.; Conjugated Polymer; Nanoparticles
The contribution of nanotechnology in various fields such as biological sciences, health, and pharmaceuticals is remarkable. The technology surrounding nanomaterials is one of the most promising areas in today's scientific landscape due to the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials involved. In recent years, luminescent semiconducting nanoparticles have attracted interest in the scientific community due to their optical properties. Among this class of nanoparticles, luminescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) have stood out for their versatile characteristics and significant potential for applications in optoelectronics, photonics, biosensors, nanomedicine, and other fields. Moreover, the ease of synthesis, adjustable properties, lower toxicity, greater compatibility with biological materials, and excellent photostability make these materials even more appealing for various applications and fundamental physics studies. Within this context, aiming to study the fundamental physical characteristics of this class of nanoparticles, this work produced CPNs using the reprecipitation method with the conjugated polymers MEH- PPV (Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]), which predominantly emits in the red region, and PFD (Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7- diyl)), which predominantly emits in the blue region. Initially, CPNs were produced and characterized using different solvents and polymer concentrations, with one of the main observed behaviors being the shift of fluorescence peak maxima in the emission spectra. Additionally, distinct groups of CPNs were produced: CPN nanocomposites by altering the concentration ratio of the different polymers used and polymer blend CPNs by modifying their concentration in the blend preparation. These were also studied using major optical techniques such as light scattering, steady- state and time-resolved photoluminescence, absorption, and quantum efficiency of luminescence, providing insights into the fundamental physical properties of these CPNs. As additional characterization, FEG-SEM images were taken to confirm the presence of nanoparticles, their shapes, and approximate sizes. Distinct behaviors were observed depending on the amount of polymer used and the nanoparticle preparation method. The studies indicated the existence of interaction processes between the same polymer species and energy transfer processes from one polymer to another, which depend on the chosen synthesis conditions of the produced sample. However, despite the differences observed in optical characterizations through photoluminescence, absorption, and quantum efficiency techniques, the hydrodynamic diameters obtained for the different samples did not show significant variations, resulting in spheroids nanoparticles of similar sizes. Keywords: Luminescent nanostructures; Emission.; Conjugated Polymer; Nanoparticles
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SILVA, Caio Henrique Viana da. Nanopartículas de polímeros conjugados (CPNs): estudo das propriedades físicas fundamentais. 2025. 79 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
