Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/9791
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item DLLME-GC/ECD Method for the Residual Analysis of Parathion-Methyl and its Application in the Study of the UV-Photodegradation Process(Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2017-11) Pimenta, Gustavo G.; Queiroz, Maria E. L. R. de; Victor, Raquel P. D.; Noronha, Luiz M.; Neves, Antônio A.; Oliveira, André F. de; Heleno, Fernanda F.A new method has been developed to determine trace levels of organophosphorus pesticide parathion-methyl in water samples by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), followed by gas chromatograph coupled with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) analysis. The optimized and validated method showed high extraction recovery (101.1%), high enrichment factor (57.3), low limits of detection and quantification, 0.083 and 0.250 µg L-1, respectively. The established DLLME-GC/ECD method has been successfully applied for the evaluation of the photodegradation of the parathion-methyl by UV254nm radiation in different conditions of pH and temperature. The parathion-methyl photodegradation at pH 3 and 35 °C achieved > 99.5% after 120 min of exposition. For this condition, it was observed the kinetic rate of 0.0515 min-1, the quantum yield of 1.22 × 10-5 mol Einstein-1 and a half-life time of 13.46 min. All experimental conditions tested proved to be strongly influenced by pH and temperature. The application of the optimized process in distilled and drinking water spiked with parathion-methyl provided residues of this pesticide at levels below the maximum permitted by Brazilian legislation, which is 9.0 µg L-1.Item Multivariate calibration to determine phorbol esters in seeds of Jatropha curcas l. Using near infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopies(Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2017-08) Roque, Jussara V.; Dias, Luiz A. S.; Teófilo, Reinaldo F.The building of partial least squares (PLS) regression models using near infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopies to estimate the concentrations of phorbol esters (PEs) in Jatropha curcas L. is presented. The models were built using two algorithms for variable selection, ordered predictors selection (OPS) and genetic algorithm (GA). Chromatographic analyses were performed to determine the concentrations of PEs. Spectral data were obtained from seeds and oil extract. The results of PLS models were performed by analyzing statistical parameters of quality such as root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient of external predictions (Rp). The parameters obtained for NIR-PLS and UV-PLS models with OPS were respectively: RMSEP 0.48 and 0.22 mg g-1 and Rp 0.49 and 0.96. For GA were obtained, respectively: RMSEP 0.52 and 0.28 mg g-1 and Rp 0.12 and 0.95. The models built from seeds and oil extracts can be used respectively for screening and to accurately predict the PEs content. The OPS method provided simpler and more predictive models compared to those obtained by the selection of variables using the GA. Thus, the UV-PLS-OPS model can be used as an alternative method to quantification of PEs.Item Removal of beta-lactams antibiotics through zero-valent copper nanoparticles(Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2018) Oliveira, Lucas M. F.; Nascimento, Mayra A.; Guimarães, Yuri M.; Oliveira, André F.; Silva, Antônio A.; Lopes, Renata P.The removal of the beta-lactam antibiotics (ceftriaxone and cefadroxil) through zero-valent copper nanoparticle (nZVC) was studied in this work. Excellent removal degrees (> 85%) were obtained for both analytes in only 20 min of reaction. Studies were performed in both oxic and anoxic conditions, and in the presence of t-butyl alcohol (TBA), an inhibitor of radicals. The results did not show significant changes. Therefore, the hydroxyl radicals are not the main species responsible for the removal. Total organic carbon cefadroxil analysis indicated a removal of 57% after 180 min of reaction. Studies involving Cu+ indicated that probably these are the principal species responsible for the removal of antibiotics. Kinetic studies have shown that two-phase reaction occurred in the antibiotics removal process and both phases followed pseudo-first order kinetic model. The first mechanism is related to the antibiotics degradation by Cu+ species and the second mechanism is related to the antibiotics adsorption by hydroxides/oxides of Cu2+ species.Item Applicability of a voltammetric assay based on the electroreduction of oxygen to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) Pulp(Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2018) Pinheiro, Flávia A.; Okumura, Leonardo L.; Silva, Astréa F. S.; Silva, Júnio G.; Ferreira, Letícia R.; Barcellos, Edilton S.; Fontes, Edimar A. F.This study aimed to use a differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) assay, based on the electroreduction of oxygen, to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of pequi pulp. The results were expressed in coefficient of antioxidant capacity (K), at different pH values and in trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and were compared to the 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) spectrophotometric assays. The principal component analysis showed higher K for pequi pulp extract and pH tending to 7.15. The antioxidant capacity was related to the presence of gallic acid in its composition. Regarding the TEAC value, the best result was obtained by the DPV test (53.43 ± 5.14 µmol trolox g-1 pulp). The pequi pulp showed antioxidant capacity, compared to the standard antioxidant compounds evaluated. It was concluded that the voltammetric protocol was efficient to assess the total antioxidant capacity of pequi pulp and can be an alternative to conventional spectrophotometric assays, for the analysis of food matrices.Item Genetic divergence between passion fruit hybrids and reciprocals based on seedling emergence and vigor(Journal of Seed Science, 2017-10) Rosado, Renato Domiciano Silva; Rosado, Luciana Domiciano Silva; Santos, Carlos Eduardo Magalhães dos; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos; Cruz, Cosme Damião; Cremasco, João Paulo GavaCharacteristics related to seed quality have been rarely used in studies on the genetic diversity of passion fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity between progenies constituted by hybrids and reciprocals, based on seed emergence and vigor traits. On the 28th day, emergence percentage, emergence speed index, shoot length, root length and total length of seedling; dry weight, number of normal seedlings and 100-seed weight were evaluated in a completely randomized design experiment with 20 progenies (hybrids and reciprocals) and four replications (50 seeds). Genetic diversity was determined using the Tocher optimization clustering methods and the unweighted pair group method, based on the Mahalanobis distance, as well as evaluating the relative contribution of the traits to genetic divergence and the correlation network, according to the relations between groups of quality, length and mass variables. The most contributing variable to genetic divergence was the total length of seedlings, the reciprocal effect did not present a consistent pattern in the studied hybrid combinations.Item Características físico-químicas de ácidos húmicos em diferentes etapas da vermicompostagem(Eclética Química, 2010) Reis, E. L.; Reis, C.; Brighenti, C. R. G.Amostras de materiais coletados em diferentes estádios de vermicompostagem foram submetidas a procedimentos de extração de ácidos húmicos. Técnicas de titulação potenciométrica, termogravimetria (DTG), difração de raios X e espectrofotometria no uv/visível e no infravermelho foram utilizadas no estudo desses materiais. Os dados de titulação foram submetidos ao ajuste por regressão não-linear, determinando-se, assim, cinco valores de pKa característicos de cinco classes de grupos tituláveis. Nas curvas DTG, foram observadas duas etapas, sendo a primeira característica da separação de estruturas alifáticas e, ou, alicíclicas e a segunda, a decomposição de estruturas aromáticas. A difratometria de raios X apresentou diferenças marcantes nos resultados, principalmente nos três primeiros picos onde parecem ocorrer reorganização estrutural e polimerização ao longo do processo de vermicompostagem. Os espectros do infravermelho não apresentaram diferenciação entre os espectros. Os valores da razão E4/E6 encontrados estão de acordo com os característicos dos ácidos húmicos, mas não fornecem informações que possam contribuir para a elucidação da estrutura e formação desses ácidos.Item Evaluation of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity assessment of real pharmaceutical wastewater from industrial production of antibiotics(Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2016-07) Marcelino, R. B. P.; Andrade, L. N.; Starling, M. C. V. M.; Amorim, C. C.; Barbosa, M. L. T.; Lopes, R. P.; Reis, B. G.; Leão, M. M. D.This study evaluates aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability and toxicity of a real pharmaceutical wastewater, which focuses on antibiotics production. Zahn-Wellens and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) methodologies were applied in order to verify the wastewater's biodegradability and Microtox® analysis was performed for toxicity tests. Tests achieved more than 89% and 63% of Total Organic Carbon reduction, showing 80% and 50% of antibiotic removal, for aerobic and anaerobic processes, respectively. Moreover, acute ecotoxicological tests revealed that both techniques decreased the toxic character of real pharmaceutical wastewater. Desorption tests showed that the antibiotic was not degraded, but, in fact, adsorbed onto the sludge. Since biological treatment is the most widely used method for industrial wastewater treatment, this study indicates that this kind of treatment is probably unable to mineralize antibiotics present in pharmaceutical wastewaters, which may induce the development of resistant pathogens. Therefore, efforts must be taken to elucidate the main mechanisms of biological antibiotic removal from wastewaters since the presence of antibiotics in the environment is considered to be an emerging environmental issue.Item Synthesis and phytotoxicity of 4,5 functionalized tetrahydrofuran-2-ones(Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2012-12) Resende, Gabriela C.; Alvarenga, Elson S.; Galindo, Juan C. G.; Macias, Francisco A.In this work we report a versatile synthesis of fourteen γ-lactones all structurally related, nine of which are novel compounds, accomplished from the readily available furfural. The phytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated in vitro by the influence on the growth of wheat coleoptiles. The percentages of inhibition were mostly small and not statistically different from control after the third dilution (100 µmol L-1). In general, α,β-unsaturated lactones presented better activities than the saturated ones. The most active compounds presented 51, 68 and 76% of inhibition in 1000 µmol L-1. The results indicate that regardless of saturation, the presence of the γ-lactone moiety is important for the bioactivity, but their presence has no implications with potency.Item Proposta para estimar curva carga-recalque e capacidade de carga em estacas de madeira(Ambiente Construído, 2014-01) Regazzi, Adair José; Segundinho, Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara; Miná, Alexandre José Soares; Dias, Antonio Alves; Carreira, Marcelo RodrigoEste trabalho teve como objetivo propor um método para estimar a curva carga-recalque e a capacidade de carga de estacas de madeira a partir do ajuste de equações de regressão não lineares utilizando o método de Gauss Newton modificado. Para isso, foram utilizados dados experimentais obtidos para 12 estacas de madeira, curvas carga-recalque durante a cravação e capacidade de carga determinada no ensaio de carregamento dinâmico, utilizando modelo teórico. Nesta pesquisa, realizada de forma pioneira no Brasil, fez-se a análise do comportamento de estacas de madeira imersas no solo durante a cravação delas. As médias do erro percentual absoluto médio foram 4,0% e 29,3%, obtidas a partir das equações não lineares ajustadas via método de Gauss Newton modificado e proposto por Van Der Veen respectivamente. Concluiu-se que as equações ajustadas via método de Gauss Newton modificado conduziram a uma maior exatidão nas estimativas, apresentando boa concordância com os dados experimentais obtidos nos ensaios de carregamento dinâmico, indicando sua utilização para estimar a curva carga-recalque e a capacidade de carga em estacas de madeira.Item Análise das possibilidades de transformação de referencial e atualização de coordenadas estimadas pelo PPP(Boletim de Ciências Geodésicas, 2016-07) Ramos, Marcony de Paulo; Dal Poz, William Rodrigo; Carvalho, Alessandro SallesO sistema de referência oficial adotado no Brasil é o SIRGAS2000 (densificação do ITRF2000) e foi realizado na época 2000,4. Desde a semana GPS 1709 (07/10/2012), o referencial adotado pelo IGS (International GNSS Service) para as efemérides precisas é o IGb08 (ITRF2008). Desse modo, os serviços que realizam o Posicionamento por Ponto Preciso (PPP) e empregam essas efemérides no processamento fornecem as coordenadas das estações nesse referencial e na época de coleta dos dados. Portanto, torna-se necessário realizar a transformação das coordenadas do IGb08 (ITRF2008, época de coleta dos dados) para o SIRGAS2000 (ITRF2000, época 2000,4). Para realizar essa tarefa existem, pelo menos, 45 possibilidades, pois há pelo menos 3 conjuntos de parâmetros de transformação que podem ser usados em conjunto com pelo menos 15 modelos de velocidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar essas possibilidades no IBGE-PPP. Foram processados dados de 86 estações da RBMC (Rede Brasileira de Monitoramento Contínuo dos Sistemas GNSS) coletados no dia (15/07/2013). Os resultados mostram que a melhor possibilidade de transformação de referencial e atualização de coordenadas, na média, é aquela que utiliza os parâmetros de transformação disponibilizados por Petit e Luzum (2010), juntamente com o modelo de velocidade MORVEL2010.