Fitotecnia - Artigos
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11742
Coleção de Artigos publicados por Docentes, Técnicos e Discentes vinculados ao departamento de Fitotecnia da UFV.
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Item Components of cell wall, enzyme activity in pedicel and susceptibility of bananas to finger drop(Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2016) Salomão, Luiz Carlos Chamhum; Siqueira, Dalmo Lopes de; Rezende, Sebastião Tavares de; Lins, Leila Cristina Rosa de; Ruiz, Gloria Annabell CobeñaA major problem in post-harvest handling of bananas is the individual detachment of the fruit from the hands. This study aimed to establishing the relationship between carbohydrate concentration and enzyme activity in the pedicel region of three cultivars of bananas, resistant and susceptible to natural dropping, during post-harvest ripening, and the susceptibility of bananas to finger dropping. Cultivars ‘Terra’ (plantain, AAB group) and ‘Prata’ (banana, AAB group) triploids and the ‘Prata Graúda’ (banana, AAAB group) tetraploid were used. The experiment was distributed in split plots, with three plots (cultivars) and five subplots (peel color stages) in a completely randomized design with three replications and three fruits per sample unit. ‘Terra’ showed resistance to dropping, even though the fruit were ripe, unlike ‘Prata Graúda’, which, starting from the fifth stage (yellow fruit with green tips), exhibited high susceptibility to dropping. At all ripening stages, the ‘Terra’ had the highest dry mass levels. In turn, the ‘Prata Graúda’ always maintained the lowest levels. The ‘Terra’ showed decreasing levels of pectins during ripening, whereas starch remained high even in the ripe fruit. About the enzymes studied, the results confirmed the increased resistance of the ‘Terra’ to dropping, allowing to conclude that polygalacturonase (PG) and pectinametylesterase (PME) are the key enzymes for the solubilization of the cell wall that accompanies ripening, thus playing a critical role in inducing natural dropping. The high susceptibility of the ’Prata Graúda’ to dropping is associated with the high activity of PG and PME and the low levels of dry mass; the greater resistance of the ‘Terra’ to dropping is related to higher accumulation of dry mass and starch in the pedicel.Item Chemical and physical characteristics of ‘improved sunrise solo line 72-12’ papaya fruits submitted to different mechanical damage(Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2016) Salomão, Luiz Carlos Chamhum; Cecon, Paulo Roberto; Aquino, César Fernandes; Lins, Leila Cristina Rosa De; Braga, Luciano RibeiroThis study aimed to evaluate some changes in the metabolism of papaya fruits submitted to damage by impact, abrasion and compression. Injuries were caused in two areas of 15 cm2 each; in diametrically opposite positions in the equatorial region of ‘Improved Sunrise Solo Line 72/12’ papaya fruits in ripening stage 3 (fruits with 25-40% of yellow skin). After damage, fruits were stored at 15 ± 1 °C and 85 ± 5% RH, and samples were taken at intervals of two days to evaluate skin color index, incidence of diseases, loss of fresh weight, leak of solutes, pulp firmness, soluble solids content and pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase activities. The respiratory rate was measured at intervals of 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after damage. The results show the suppressive effects of mechanical damage on the final quality and also on fruit shelf life. Mechanically damaged fruits anticipated ripening, with skin color indexes higher than control fruits. Abrasion was the damage that caused more dramatic effects, showing, at the end of the study period, loss of fresh weight and leak of solutes of 27% and 18.7%, respectively, higher than control fruits. In addition, fruits submitted to this type of damage have higher respiratory rate and also higher rot incidence. The pectinmethylesterase and polygalacturonase activity was not consistently changed in relation to damage. Similarly, there was no difference in soluble solids content.Item Genotype-environment interaction on the density of peach buds cultivated in a humid subtropical climate(Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2018) Penso, Gener Augusto; Citadin, Idemir; Scariotto, Silvia; Danner, Moeses Andrigo; Sachet, Marcos RobsonStudies on the interaction of genetic and environmental effects on floral morphogenesis in peach trees grown in humid subtropical climate provide important information related to adaptation and for assisting in the selection of new cultivars. This study aimed to verify the genetic and environmental effects and to identify peach tree genotypes with greater shoot length, vegetative bud, flower bud density adaptability and stability under humid subtropical climate conditions. Twelve peach tree genotypes were evaluated over a period of eight years, during the growing season (2006/07 to 2013/14) in Pato Branco-PR, Brazil. Data were collected for shoot length (SL), flower bud density (FBD) and vegetative bud density (VBD), as well as temperature, humidity and precipitation. For the analysis of adaptability and stability we used GEE Biplot methodology. SL was influenced by the temperature and relative humidity. Increased exposure time to temperatures below 20 °C and above 30 °C, high thermal amplitude and relative humidity of less than 50% reduced shoot growth. VBD and FBD were predominantly controlled by the genetic factor. For VBD, the genotypes ‘Cascata 1055’ and ‘Conserva 681’ were the most adapted. For FBD, the genotypes ‘Cascata 1055’, ‘BRS Bonão’, ‘Conserva 681’, ‘Cascata 967’ and ‘BRS Kampai’ presented better adaptability. The genotypes more adapted to the FBD can be recommended for cultivation in the humid subtropical climate, since they also present greater stability in the production of fruits, independently of the meteorological conditions that occur during the vegetative and reproductive season.Item Selection of processing tomato genotypes resistant to two spotted spider mite(Horticultura Brasileira, 2018-04) Henschel, Juliane M.; Zanin, Daniel S.; Resende, Juliano T. V.; Zeist, André R.; Oliveira, João R. F.; Lima Filho, Renato B.One of the major problems in cultivation of tomato is the occurrence of pests and diseases. The objective of the research was to select genotypes from the second generation of the first backcross (F2BC1) between the tomato cultivar for processing S. lycopersicum (cv. Redenção) and the wild access S. habrochaites var. hirsutum (PI-127826), with high levels of zingiberene (ZGB), resistant to the twospotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). From the F2BC1 population. The ZGB content was quantified and five plants with high zingiberene selected (RVTZ 2011-079-117, RVTZ 2011-079-185, RVTZ 2011-079-335, RVTZ 2011-079-345 and RVTZ 2011-079-503) and four with low zingiberene content (RVTZ 2011-079-417, RVTZ 2011-331-460, RVTZ 2011-079-538 and RVTZ 2011-079-548) were selected. Genotypes selected for high and low ZGB content and the parentals S. habrochaites var. hirsutum access PI-127826 and ‘Redenção’ were evaluated for repellency to the twospotted spider mite. There was a significant and inverse correlation between ZGB content and average distances travelled by mites on tomato leaflets. The genotypes of the F2BC1 generation with high zingiberene levels RVTZ 2011-079-117, RVTZ 2011-079-185, RVTZ 2011-079-335, RVTZ 2011-079-345 and RVTZ 2011-079-503 are promising for progress in achieving resistant lines to arthropod pests. Among them RVTZ 2011-079-117 stands out for resistance to twospotted spider mite.Item Composição mineral de grãos de trigo submetidos a doses de sulfato de amônio e trinexapac-etil(Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2010-10) Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Campanharo, Marcela; Rocha, Valterley Soares; Monnerat, Pedro Henrique; Favarato, Luiz FernandoA composição mineral de grãos é importante para a definição da qualidade nutricional do alimento e qualidade fisiológica das sementes, devendo ser considerada no estabelecimento dos níveis adequados de adubação. Neste contexto, objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito de doses de sulfato de amônio (SA) e de trinexapac-etil, na composição mineral de grãos de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Pioneiro. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Viçosa (MG), no período de junho a outubro de 2006. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de SA (150 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, 450 kg ha-1, 600 kg ha-1 e 750 kg ha-1), combinadas com quatro doses de trinexapac-etil (0 g ha-1; 62,5 g ha-1; 125 g ha-1; e 187,5 g ha-1). O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As doses de SA aumentaram as concentrações de N-total (proteína), Ca, S, Cu e Zn e diminuíram as concentrações de P, K e Mn (acima de 457 kg ha-1de SA). Os teores de Mg e Fe não foram influenciados pelas doses de SA. O trinexapacetil promoveu aumento de N-total, P e Mn e redução de Ca. Os teores de K, S, Cu, Zn, Mg e Fe não foram influenciados pelo redutor. Concluiu-se que a aplicação de SA melhora a qualidade nutricional de grãos, enquanto a utilização do redutor de crescimento trinexapac-etil não influencia na composição mineral dos mesmos.Item Physical-Chemical quality of mango ‘Ubá’ (Mangifera indica L.) fruits submitted to impact mechanical damage at harvest(Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2017-06) Pacheco, Anália Lúcia Vieira; Borges, Karina Schulz; Vieira, Gerival; Freitas, Gilberto Bernardo de; Cecon, Paulo RobertoThe objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of ‘Ubá’ mango fruit submitted to mechanical damage. The fruits were harvested in the 2012/2013 harvest, and let to drop once on a flat, hard surface, simulating the harvesting process of ‘Ubá’ mango, which is to drop all the fruits of a plant when they are physiologically mature. Treatments consisted of different drop heights (zero, one, two, three, four and five meters), totaling six treatments. After the fall, the fruits were submitted to ripening, and then evaluated for fresh mass loss (FML), presence of external lesions (PEL), presence of internal lesions (PIL), soluble solids content (SS),titratable acidity (TA), pH, SS/TA ratio and vitamin C. There was no difference between fresh weight loss of the dropped fruits and control. Regarding the presence of external and internal lesions, damage in fruits due to drop height tends to increase. The fruits that were not dropped presented higher SS content than the others, while those that fell from a height of 5 m had the vitamin C content reduced by 27.78% compared to control. The decrease in SS content and vitamin C was influenced by damage caused by the impact. It is concluded that mechanical damage caused by the impact interferes in the main attributes of quality of fruits and pulp of “Ubá” mango.Item Levels of Crotalaria juncea on growth, production, recovery and efficiency of the use of N in broccoli(Horticultura Brasileira, 2017-07) Pereira, Wander D.; Santos, Ricardo, H. S.; Vargas, Thiago O.; Diniz, Ellen R.; Urquiaga, Segundo; Modolo, Alcir J.The recommendation for green manure (GM) in cropping systems still has little scientific support, with few studies addressing the effects of nutrient amounts from green manure on the growth and production of the crop. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of levels of Crotalaria juncea green manure on the growth, production, and efficiency of the use as well as the apparent recovery of N in broccoli crop. Seven treatments were established; the main with four doses of green manure: 0, 3, 6, and 9 t/ha on a dry matter (DM) basis, applied with 12 t/ha compost. The control treatments consisted of mineral fertilization, the treatment with 25 t/ha compost, and another as the absolute control. Comparatively, production under the absolute control was less than all other treatments with green manure doses and application of 12 t/ha compost. The production of plants grown with 25 t/ha compost was superior to that of plants grown with dose of 0 t/ha and similar to that obtained with 3 t/ha; however, it was inferior to those produced with doses of 6 and 9 t/ha green manure. The highest percentage of N recovered (REC N) by the broccoli plants was observed close to a dose of 3 t/ha green manure, with a maximum point of 37.90% (2.8 t/ha), while in larger doses of 6 and 9 t/ha showed estimated values of 31.91% and 20.49%, respectively. The physiological efficiency of the use of N (EFUN) showed an effect similar to apparent recovery of N (REC N), with higher EFUN from lowest to highest dose of green manure, that is, 3, 6, and 9 t/ha, with estimated values of 70.41, 62.45, and 26.02 g DM per g of N uptake, respectively. The mass amounts of applied C. juncea influenced positively on the growth and productivity of broccoli. The lower mass of applied green manure increases the physiological efficiency of the use of N with more apparent recovery of the applied N.Item Influence of seed size and water restriction on germination of soybean seeds and on early development of seedlings(Journal of Seed Science, 2013) Pereira, Welison Andrade; Pereira, Sara Maria Andrade; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos SantosGermination is a biological process that depends on adequate water supply to embryo development. Water deficit slows this process and depending on intensity and extent of this deficit may cause seed death. Nevertheless, it has not yet been reported whether seed size influences physiological potential, or tolerance to water stress. This study aimed at assessing the effects of seed size, as well as of water stress on germination of the seeds and on early soybean seedling development. The experiment was composed by seeds of 10 soybean cultivars classified by metallic screens with three sizes of oval holes (S12, S13 and S14) and subjected to three water potentials (0, -0.1, and -0.2 MPa), with four replications. Data on genotypes were grouped as replications and arranged on a factorial 3 x 3 (size x water potential), with 40 replications. Data assessed were: first and final count of germination; length and seedling dry weight; and correlation between length/mass of radicle and hypocotyl. It was concluded that under ideal moisture conditions larger seeds have better physiological quality, producing more vigorous seedlings; but, that under water potential of -0.2 MPa smaller seeds produce larger seedlings; and that the hypocotyl is more influenced by water stress than the radicle.Item Fluxo gênico em soja geneticamente modificada e método para sua detecção(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2017-07) Pereira, Welison Andrade; Del Giúdice, Marcos Paiva; Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza; Dias, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos; Borém, AluízioO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar métodos para detecção de sementes de soja tolerante ao glifosato e o fluxo gênico de uma cultivar transgênica para uma convencional, em Florestal e Viçosa, MG. Para adequar método de detecção, foi conduzido experimento comparativo entre cinco bioensaios, dos quais se destacou o teste de germinação em substrato umedecido com solução do glifosato. O experimento de fluxo gênico foi instalado em campo, no esquema de quadrados concêntricos. No centro, foi plantada a cultivar tolerante ao glifosato (fonte de pólen). À sua volta, foi semeada a cultivar sensível (receptora do pólen). No estádio R8, foram colhidas sementes das laterais dos quadrados, em distâncias variadas da fonte de pólen: 0,5, 1, 2, 4 e 8 m. Amostras de 900 sementes, por fileira, foram avaliadas pelo teste de germinação em substrato umedecido com solução de glifosato a 0,06%. Plântulas tolerantes ao glifosato indicaram fecundação cruzada. As maiores porcentagens de hibridação – 1,27% em Florestal e 0,25% em Viçosa – ocorreram a 0,5 m de distância, entre fonte e receptor de pólen, e essas taxas aproximaram-se de zero às distâncias de 2,26 e 1,16 m, para Florestal e Viçosa, respectivamente.Item Fitodefensivos em plantas medicinais: macromoléculas hidrofílicas de folhas de mil folhas (Achillea millefolium L.) inibem o crescimento in vitro de bactérias fitopatogênicas(Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 2013) Pereira, P. R. G.; Tessarollo, N. G.; Carrijo, L. C.; Barbosa, M. O.; Almeida, H. O.; Pereira, T. H. A.; Magalhães Jr., M. J.; Leite, J. P. V.; Baracat-Pereira, M. C.Extratos aquosos da planta medicinal Achillea millefolium contêm macromoléculas de interesse para desenvolver fitodefensivos para a agricultura. Duas frações de mil folhas foram obtidas por ultrafiltração, E1 (contendo moléculas maiores que 30 kDa), e E3 (peptídeos entre 1 e 10 kDa) que inibiram o crescimento das bactérias fitopatogênicas Ralstonia solanacearum, gram-negativa, e Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, gram-positiva, com dependência de concentração. Os valores de concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) para ambos os extratos e bactérias foram baixos, entre 20 e 80µM. A CIM relativa à proteína total evidenciou a presença de macromoléculas muito ativas em E3, embora com baixa concentração proteica. E3 se aplica à prospecção de peptídeos antimicrobianos. Estimar a CIM relativa à quantidade de amostra vegetal valorizou o potencial antimicrobiano natural de E1, que contém alta concentração proteica. E1e E3 se aplicam ao desenvolvimento de fitodefensivos para uso biotecnológico. A ultrafiltração fracionou as amostras de forma nativa, rápida, e com baixo custo; além de dessalinizar, clarificar, purificar, e concentrar E1 e E3. Esse estudo inédito sobre a separômica e a ação antimicrobiana de extratos macromoleculares aquosos de mil folhas sugere que plantas cicatrizantes podem apresentar grande potencial para desenvolver fitodefensivos agrícolas naturais não danosos, à semelhança de medicamentos fitoterápicos.