Engenharia Agrícola - Artigos

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11739

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Mechanical properties of the rachis from macaw palm bunches
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2018-01) Oliveira, Zenil Ricardo Cunha Rodrigues de; Valente, Domingos Sarvio Magalhães; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Santos, Fábio Lúcio; Velloso, Nara Silveira
Numerical implementation methods such as the finite element method can be used in machine design to study the dynamic behavior of the plant. Input parameters for using the finite element method should be set based on the geometrical, physical and mechanical system under study. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mechanical properties of the rachis of macaw palm in the green maturation stage at an age of 180 days and at fruit maturation. The water content was calculated using the oven method of 105 ± 3°C for 24 hours. The modulus of elasticity for the rachis was determined by means of mechanical compression testing. The Poisson's ratios were determined from the results of the longitudinal and transverse deformation of rachis test bodies. The shear tests were performed in two scenarios. In the first one, a blade was used without a tensioner, and in the second scenario, a blade was fixed with a tensioner, characterized by a chamfer at 45°. It was concluded that the modulus of elasticity of macaw palm rachis in the green maturity stage was higher than the values for the mature stage of ripeness.
Mechanical properties of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2017-04) Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Villar, Flora Maria de Melo; Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães; Velloso, Nara Silveira; Santos, Fábio Lúcio
The fruit of the native macaw palm [Acrocomia aculeata (lacq) Lood. ex Mart] is an alternative for biodiesel production because of the plant characteristics, as well as its adaptability, hardiness and high vegetable oil yield. However, its exploitation remains extractive and there are significant difficulties in its harvest. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system that will support the design of harvest machines based on mechanical vibration. Ten samples of four accessions in the immature and mature stages of maturity were used. Traction and vibration tests were conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the macaw palm fruit-rachilla system. The elastic modulus of the rachilla was 188.39-385.09 MPa for the immature stage and 109.02-320.54 MPa for the mature stage. The Poisson's ratio for the rachilla varied between 0.20 and 0.52 for the immature stage and between 0.16 and 0.52 for the mature stage. The damping ratio varied between 0.02 and 0.12 for the immature stage and between 0.06 and 0.12 for the mature stage. The fruit-rachilla system was characterized as underdamped.
Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo em sistema de semeadura direta com rotação de culturas no cerrado brasileiro
(Revista Ciência Agronômica, 2013-01) Bottega, Eduardo Leonel; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Souza, Cristiano Márcio Alves de
O presente estudo objetivou analisar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos e da textura de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. A propriedade onde o estudo foi realizado localiza-se no município de Sidrolândia (MS) e produz soja, milho e algodão, adotando rotação de culturas e o sistema de plantio direto. Em uma área experimental de aproximadamente 90 hectares foi amostrado solo em 181 pontos georeferenciados. As amostras foram compostas por quatro amostras simples, representativas da profundidade de 0,00-0,20 m. Foram mensurados os atributos químicos e a textura do solo. Realizou-se, inicialmente, análise de discrepantes e, posteriormente, análise descritiva e geoestatística para caracterizar as amostras e identificar a dependência espacial dos atributos estudados. Não foi detectada dependência espacial para os atributos acidez ativa em água, alumínio, acidez potencial, saturação por bases e matéria orgânica. As melhores estimativas de valores para locais não amostrados foram observadas para os atributos físicos do solo, os quais apresentaram os melhores parâmetros de ajuste dos variogramas e da validação cruzada. As técnicas de geoestatística utilizadas possibilitaram o ajuste dos modelos teóricos que melhor representaram a semivariância experimental, possibilitando assim a construção de mapas temáticos da distribuição espacial dos valores dos atributos do solo estudado.
The use of different sampling grids in determining the variability of soil physical attributes of Oxisol
(Comunicata Scientiae, 2014-04) Bottega, Eduardo Leonel; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Santos, Nerilson Terra
This study aimed to analyze the influence of different sampling grids in determining the spatial variability of physical attributes of Oxisol. It was used to study an area of approximately 90 hectares, where soil was sampled at depth from 0 to 0.20 meters, using a grid of 2 points per hectare (G1). Each soil sample was composed of four subsamples and obtained using a soil sampler Dutch type. The samples were sent to the laboratory to granulometric analysis. From the initial grid, the area was divided into sampling cells of 2.9 (G2) and 4.7 hectares (G3), and assigned a coordinate value representative of the center of each cell. Classical statistical and geostatistical methods were used to characterize the data and to model the spatial dependence. Spatial dependence was detected for all physical variables of the soil, regardless of the sampling grid used. The utilization of sampling grid of 1 point for each 2.9 hectares, and the sampling cell characterized by 12 subsamples, showed itself capable of detecting the spatial variability of the physical attributes of the soil, guaranteeing reliability in the estimates, even reducing the quantity of points when compared to the densest grid.
Correlação entre condutividade elétrica aparente e atributos químicos e físicos de um Latossolo
(Comunicata Scientiae, 2015-04) Bottega, Eduardo Leonel; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Santos, Nerilson Terra; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Souza, Cristiano Márcio Alves de
A agricultura de precisão vem sendo utilizada como importante técnica de manejo localizado da fertilidade do solo. Para tanto, é indispensável à caracterização da variabilidade espacial dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo através de amostragem capaz de representar tais variações. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a correlação entre a condutividade elétrica aparente com os atributos químicos e físicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. O trabalho foi realizado em uma propriedade localizada no cerrado brasileiro. Em uma área de 90 hectares foram coletados 181 amostras de solo georeferenciadas, na profundidade de 0,00 – 0,20 metros. Nos mesmos locais de retirada de amostras foram efetuadas leituras de condutividade elétrica aparente do solo. As amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório para realização das análises física e química. Selecionou-se, aleatoriamente, 30 pontos amostrais e calculou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis físicas, químicas e a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo. Não foi observado correlação significativa entre a condutividade elétrica aparente com os atributos físicos do solo. Observou-se correlação positiva e significativa da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo na profundidade de 0,20 m com os atributos químicos fósforo, fósforo remanescente e zinco.
Aerodynamic properties of coffee cherries and beans
(Biosystems Engineering, 2007-09) Corrêa, Paulo César; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Afonso Júnior, P. C.
Aerodynamic properties of coffee cherry and beans for two varieties, viz., Coffea arabica (cv Catuaí) and Coffea canephora (cv Conilon), were studied for moisture content ranges of 9–54% w.b. and 8–56% w.b., respectively. The increase in both moisture content and true density affected the aerodynamic properties of the product by promoting an increase in the terminal velocity and a reduction in the drag coefficient for both cultivars. The values of terminal velocity of the naturally preprocessed coffee cherries did not exhibit significant changes for the analysed cultivars. The values of terminal velocities for the washed coffee beans of cv Conilon were higher than those found for the beans of cv Catuaí. The values of the drag coefficient for both coffee cherries and beans slightly changed during the drying process. However, the variation in the drag coefficient as a function of the moisture content and true density was more evident for the washed beans of Conilon coffee than for Catuai coffee.
An open-source spatial analysis system for embedded systems
(Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2018-11) Coelho, Andre Luiz de Freitas; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Valente, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho
Soil and plant monitoring systems are important tools for applying precision agriculture techniques. To acquire soil-plant system data, the user establishes a sampling strategy, goes to the field, collects data and finally goes to the office for data analysis. Sometimes, when the analysis is performed, the user realizes that the sampling strategy was not adequate and needs to return to the field in order to collect more data. To avoid problems with the sampling strategy, the solution is to have a system that performs the data analysis immediately after its collection, while the user is still in the field. To do that, we can use single board computers; these types of platforms have ports to communicate to sensors and good processing capabilities. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop an embedded system to perform spatial variability data analysis in the field, right after data acquisition. The software was developed using Python 3.6; the PyQt Integrated Development Environment (Riverbank Computer Limited, Dorchester, United Kingdom) was used to design a graphical user interface. The BeagleBone Black board, running Debian version 8.6, was used to implement the software. The analysis was divided into three steps: in the first one, an outlier and inlier analysis was performed to remove unwanted data; in the second one, the semivariogram was generated, and the variable and standard deviation map was produced by performing ordinary kriging; and in the last one, a cluster analysis was performed to create management classes using a fuzzy k-means algorithm. The graphical user interface showed the variable map and the variable classes map. To test the developed software, soybean yield data that was collected in a 31.6-ha field were used. The developed software was shown to be efficient at performing the spatial variability of soybean yields. The comparison of the generated maps shows the importance of filtering the data before performing the analysis. The developed software is available at the GitHub website.
Estabelecimento inicial da cultura do milho em sistema de plantio direto: influência da velocidade operacional e da carga aplicada pelas rodas compactadoras
(Engenharia na Agricultura, 2009-11-20) Gonçalves, Wagner Santos; Fernandes, Haroldo Carlos; Araújo, Eduardo Fontes; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho
Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da combinação entre as velocidades de deslocamento e cargas aplicadas pela roda compactadora de uma semeadora-adubadora sobre a emergência das plântulas e o desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do milho em sistema de plantio direto. Combinou-se três velocidades de deslocamento da semeadora (V1= 1,11, V2= 1,67 e V3= 2,22 m s -1 ), com quatro cargas aplicadas pelas rodas compactadoras (C1= 119,26, C2= 131,11, C3= 257 e C4= 339 N). Verificou-se que houve efeito das diferentes cargas aplicadas para o fator profundidade de deposição das sementes. A aplicação da carga C4 pela roda compactadora ocasionou uma menor profundidade de deposição das sementes que a carga C2. As cargas aplicadas pelas rodas compactadoras e as velocidades de deslocamento utilizadas para a semeadura não influenciaram a emergência e o estabelecimento inicial da cultura do milho.
Detachment efficiency of fruits from coffee plants subjected to mechanical vibrations
(Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2015-11) Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Coelho, Andre Luiz de Freitas; Santos, Fábio Lúcio; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de
The development of efficient machines for the mechanical harvesting of coffee plants requires the use of appropriate vibrational parameters. Thus, in order to detach less unripe fruits and decrease reharvesting, branch breakage and defoliation, it is important to choose the appropriate frequency, amplitude and vibration time. This study aimed at analyzing the detachment efficiency of fruits from coffee plants according to vibrational parameters and ripening stage. Fruit bunches were sampled at the green and mature stages and subjected to vibration, using a system composed by a signal generator, an amplifier and an electromagnetic vibrating machine. Tests combined different frequencies (16.4 Hz, 20.3 Hz, 24 Hz, 25.6 Hz, 30.0 Hz and 33.0 Hz), amplitudes (5.0 mm, 7.0 mm and 9.0 mm) and vibration times (10.0 s and 20.0 s). The vibration times did not affect the detachment efficiency. There was a trend for higher detachment efficiency in mature fruits than in green fruits. The detachment efficiency increased with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude.
Moisture content effect in the relationship between apparent electrical conductivity and soil attributes
(Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 2012-10-31) Costa, Marcelo Marques; Queiroz, Daniel Marçal de; Pinto, Francisco de Assis de Carvalho; Reis, Elton Fialho dos; Santos, Nerilson Terra
To map the spatial variability of a field to define the variable rate application, an intensive sampling of the soil-plant system is necessary. The apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) has been used for soil mapping because it correlates well with soil attributes, allows for dense sampling and can be obtained at low cost. However, ECa is influenced by soil moisture content, and the variability of this attribute can reduce the reliability of the ECa maps to explain the physical and chemical soil attributes. The objective of this study was to identify conditions that maximize the correlations between the ECa and the soil attributes. The results show that the mean soil moisture content of soil sampled on different dates was correlated with the mean of the ECa. The ideal time for measuring ECa occurred when the mean moisture content of the soil was higher. In this condition, the coefficient of variation for the soil moisture content was lower, there was no correlation between ECa and soil moisture content, and ECa was more correlated with other soil attributes evaluated in this work.

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