Modelagem matemática e simulação numérica de uma planta de dessalinização - MSF
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A complexidade do problema de acesso à água potável aponta para a necessidade de estudos e avaliações que viabilizem a utilização de fontes alternativas de água potável capazes de suprir as necessidades básicas humanas e também possibilitar o desenvolvimento de atividades econômicas nessas regiões. Nestes termos, motivado pela discussão de um assunto tão relevante, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a modelagem matemática e a simulação numérica de uma planta de dessalinização pelo método de Destilação Flash de Múltiplos Estágios (MSF). Para a execução deste estudo foi utilizado o software de modelagem EES®, em que se avaliou a influência dos parâmetros operacionais sobre o desempenho da planta de dessalinização. O modelo resultante foi capaz de reproduzir os dados operacionais reais e prever as condições de operação. As ferramentas de modelagem matemática e simulação numérica são importantes para o desenvolvimento de proposições de projetos e tecnologias eficientes e viáveis de dessalinização da água, capazes de auxiliar no suprimento de água. Em teoria, a sua utilização pode reduzir significativamente o tempo de engenharia, criando a capacidade de se testar diferentes opções variáveis e operacionais e demais parâmetros, em um programa de computador, e não em modelos de teste físico. Essa capacidade pode teoricamente reduzir o custo do projeto e sua implementação, bem como o custo final para a população que poderá usufruir destas instalações (se construídas, instaladas e colocadas em operação), eliminando a necessidade de vários protótipos físicos a serem feitos e testados. Os resultados do estudo mostram que o número de estágios é a variável que mais afeta o desempenho da planta, uma vez que a vazão de vapor de aquecimento diminui drasticamente com o aumento do número de estágios, o que torna a planta mais eficiente e econômica no ponto de vista energético. Verifica- se ainda que as variáveis relacionadas à água do mar não fornecem variações significativas no desempenho da planta. Finalmente, observou-se que a elevação da temperatura máxima da salmoura ocasiona a redução na área total de troca térmica; no entanto, com relação ao desempenho da planta, a temperatura máxima da salmoura não afeta significativamente esse parâmetro no processo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Destilação. EES®. Múltiplos estágios. Simulação numérica.
The complexity of the problem to access to drinking water problem points out to the need for studies and investigations that facilitate the use of alternative sources of drinking water that are able to meet basic human needs and also enable the development of economic activities in these regions. In view of this, motivated by the discussion of such a relevant subject, the objective of this work was to perform the mathematical modeling and the numerical simulation of a desalination plant using the Multiple Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) method, as a desalination technique to meet existing demands. For the execution of this study, the EES® modeling software was used, whereby the influence of operational parameters on the performance of the desalination plant was evaluated. The resulting model was able to reproduce the actual operational data and forecast operating conditions. The tools of mathematical modeling and numerical simulation are important for the proposal of projects involving efficient and viable technologies for water desalination which are able to assist in water supply. In theory, its use can significantly reduce engineering time, enabling the test of different variable and operational options and other parameters, in a computer program, and not in physical test models. This capability can theoretically reduce the cost of the project and its implementation, as well as the final cost to the population that can take advantage of these facilities (if constructed, installed and put into operation), eliminating the need for multiple physical prototypes to be constructed and tested. The results of the study show that the number of stages is the variable that most affects the performance of the plant, since the flow of heating steam decreases dramatically with the increase in the number of stages, which renders the plant more efficient and economical at the energetic point of view. It was also verified that the variables related to sea water do not provide significant variations in plant performance. Finally the elevation of the maximum brine temperature causes a reduction in the total area of heat transfer area; however, with respect to plant performance, the maximum brine temperature does not significantly affect this parameter in the process. KEYWORDS: Distillation. EES®. Multiple stages. Numerical simulation.
The complexity of the problem to access to drinking water problem points out to the need for studies and investigations that facilitate the use of alternative sources of drinking water that are able to meet basic human needs and also enable the development of economic activities in these regions. In view of this, motivated by the discussion of such a relevant subject, the objective of this work was to perform the mathematical modeling and the numerical simulation of a desalination plant using the Multiple Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) method, as a desalination technique to meet existing demands. For the execution of this study, the EES® modeling software was used, whereby the influence of operational parameters on the performance of the desalination plant was evaluated. The resulting model was able to reproduce the actual operational data and forecast operating conditions. The tools of mathematical modeling and numerical simulation are important for the proposal of projects involving efficient and viable technologies for water desalination which are able to assist in water supply. In theory, its use can significantly reduce engineering time, enabling the test of different variable and operational options and other parameters, in a computer program, and not in physical test models. This capability can theoretically reduce the cost of the project and its implementation, as well as the final cost to the population that can take advantage of these facilities (if constructed, installed and put into operation), eliminating the need for multiple physical prototypes to be constructed and tested. The results of the study show that the number of stages is the variable that most affects the performance of the plant, since the flow of heating steam decreases dramatically with the increase in the number of stages, which renders the plant more efficient and economical at the energetic point of view. It was also verified that the variables related to sea water do not provide significant variations in plant performance. Finally the elevation of the maximum brine temperature causes a reduction in the total area of heat transfer area; however, with respect to plant performance, the maximum brine temperature does not significantly affect this parameter in the process. KEYWORDS: Distillation. EES®. Multiple stages. Numerical simulation.
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Citation
LANNA, Priscila Pierre. Modelagem matemática e simulação numérica de uma planta de dessalinização - MSF. 2020. 66 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.
