Diagnóstico do potencial energético e nutricional dos resíduos da atividade avícola em Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) com vistas a uma economia circular
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O município de Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES), com um plantel superior a 16 milhões de galinhas poedeiras, é o maior produtor de ovos no Brasil. No entanto, a produção em larga escala gera diariamente elevada produção de resíduos. Diante do potencial de aproveitamento nutricional e energético dos resíduos de galinhas poedeiras no município, objetivou-se avaliar os potenciais de aproveitamento energético e nutricional de resíduos de galinhas poedeiras para fechamento do ciclo de economia circular. O levantamento do plantel municipal foi feito a partir dos dados fornecidos pelo Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do estado do Espírito Santo (IDAF). A caracterização dos resíduos brutos e após o tratamento por compostagem, digestão anaeróbia e secagem a 65°C foi feita a partir de revisão de literatura. Os dados das culturas produzidas no município foram obtidos no portal do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e a demanda dos macronutrientes nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio (NPK) pela quinta aproximação de solos para o estado do Espírito Santo. Foi considerada a demanda de NPK para produção de ração de milho e soja no Centro-Oeste devido ao fato da região ser um polo de produção. O resultado obtido para produção diária de resíduos brutos foi de aproximadamente 2,5 mil toneladas, com carga diária de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO) de 95,70 t e equivalente populacional de 1,77 milhão de habitantes. A concentração nos resíduos brutos (sem tratamento) para o nitrogênio, o fósforo e o potássio, foram respectivamente 72,48; 30,06 e 20,44 t d -1 . O potencial nutricional foi satisfatório para suprir a demanda de NPK para a agricultura local, com excedentes. Considerando-se o ciclo nutricional, a estimativa do balanço de nitrogênio e fósforo mostrou-se com potencial para suprir a demanda do ciclo produtivo de ração de milho e soja, no entanto, o potássio possui um balanço negativo. Para o ciclo energético, verificou-se que o potencial de produção de energia no tratamento por digestão anaeróbia não é suficiente para atender a demanda interna desses empreendimentos, no entanto, os outros tratamentos considerados (compostagem e secagem) não possuem retorno energético. Conclui-se que os resíduos de poedeiras possuem potencial de aproveitamento energético e nutricional, o que auxilia no alcance do conceito de economia circular. Além disso, o aproveitamento nutricional reduz a demanda por fertilizantes minerais na agricultura local e no ciclo produtivo dos ovos. Palavras-chave: Biogás. Adubação orgânica. Galinhas poedeiras.
The municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES), with a flock of more than 16 million laying hens, is the largest egg producer in Brazil. However, large-scale production generates daily high production of waste. Given the potential for nutritional and energy use of waste from laying hens in the municipality, the objective was to evaluate the potential for energy and nutritional use of waste from laying hens to close the cycle of circular economy. The survey of the municipal squad was based on data provided by the Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Defense of the state of Espírito Santo (IDAF). The characterization of raw waste and after treatment by composting, anaerobic digestion and drying at 65°C was made from a literature review. Data on crops produced in the municipality were obtained from the portal of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the demand for the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) by the fifth soil approximation for the state of Espírito Santo. The demand for NPK for the production of corn and soybean feed in the Midwest was considered due to the fact that the region is a production hub. The result obtained for the daily production of raw waste was approximately 2.5 thousand tons, with a daily load of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 95.70 tons and a population equivalent of 1.77 million inhabitants. The concentration in raw residues (no treatment) for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were respectively 72.48; 30.06 and 20.44 t d -1 . The nutritional potential was satisfactory to supply the NPK demand for local agriculture, with surpluses. Considering the nutritional cycle, the estimate of the nitrogen and phosphorus balance showed to have the potential to meet the demand of the corn and soybean feed production cycle, however, potassium has a negative balance. For the energy cycle, it was found that the potential for energy production in the anaerobic digestion treatment is not sufficient to meet the internal demand of these projects, however, the other treatments considered (composting and drying) do not have any energy return. It is concluded that laying hen waste has potential for energy and nutritional use, which helps to achieve the concept of circular economy. In addition, nutritional use reduces the demand for mineral fertilizers in local agriculture and in the egg production cycle. Keywords: Biogas. Organic fertilizer. Laying hens.
The municipality of Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES), with a flock of more than 16 million laying hens, is the largest egg producer in Brazil. However, large-scale production generates daily high production of waste. Given the potential for nutritional and energy use of waste from laying hens in the municipality, the objective was to evaluate the potential for energy and nutritional use of waste from laying hens to close the cycle of circular economy. The survey of the municipal squad was based on data provided by the Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Defense of the state of Espírito Santo (IDAF). The characterization of raw waste and after treatment by composting, anaerobic digestion and drying at 65°C was made from a literature review. Data on crops produced in the municipality were obtained from the portal of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the demand for the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) by the fifth soil approximation for the state of Espírito Santo. The demand for NPK for the production of corn and soybean feed in the Midwest was considered due to the fact that the region is a production hub. The result obtained for the daily production of raw waste was approximately 2.5 thousand tons, with a daily load of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of 95.70 tons and a population equivalent of 1.77 million inhabitants. The concentration in raw residues (no treatment) for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were respectively 72.48; 30.06 and 20.44 t d -1 . The nutritional potential was satisfactory to supply the NPK demand for local agriculture, with surpluses. Considering the nutritional cycle, the estimate of the nitrogen and phosphorus balance showed to have the potential to meet the demand of the corn and soybean feed production cycle, however, potassium has a negative balance. For the energy cycle, it was found that the potential for energy production in the anaerobic digestion treatment is not sufficient to meet the internal demand of these projects, however, the other treatments considered (composting and drying) do not have any energy return. It is concluded that laying hen waste has potential for energy and nutritional use, which helps to achieve the concept of circular economy. In addition, nutritional use reduces the demand for mineral fertilizers in local agriculture and in the egg production cycle. Keywords: Biogas. Organic fertilizer. Laying hens.
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OLIVEIRA, Nathalia Silva. Diagnóstico do potencial energético e nutricional dos resíduos da atividade avícola em Santa Maria de Jetibá (ES) com vistas a uma economia circular. 2022. 47 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.
