Mudanças na estrutura de mercado da indústria láctea e os impactos sobre seu desempenho no período de 1997-2005
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Data
2006-12-18
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O setor lácteo brasileiro vem passando por transformações em sua organização estrutural, com o aumento da participação de empresas relativamente menores e também com a redução da atuação de uma das maiores empresas desse setor, a Parmalat. Diante disso, tornou-se relevante caracterizar o processo de reestruturação que vem ocorrendo recentemente no setor de laticínios e examinar como esse processo tem afetado o desempenho econômico no período de 1997 a 2005. Verificou-se que ocorreu redução nos índices de concentração, a partir do ano de 2001. Além disso, observou-se expansão na participação das empresas relativamente menores entre 1998 e 2005, exceto nos anos de 2001 e 2002. Com o aumento da produção total de leite do país, todas as empresas cresceram em termos absolutos, mas diminuíram tanto as participações relativas das maiores empresas quanto as taxas de concentração calculadas. Em todos os anos, à dinâmica de posicionamento mostrou-se relativamente mais estável no grupo das empresas líderes. Logo, a crise da Parmalat não alterou substancialmente a dinâmica de posicionamento do primeiro grupo, pois a empresa continuou fazendo parte dele; todavia, deixa a segunda posição, passando à quarta dentro do grupo. O Turnover foi relativamente elevado , para os grupos B e C, embora essa suposição seja mais relevante apenas quando se considera o comportamento das líderes. No tocante à formação espacial do preço do leite recebido pelo produtor, no geral, notaram-se alterações nas relações causais entre o primeiro (1997-2002) e o segundo (2003-2005) período, ocorrendo neste último, predominância de efeitos unicausais dos estados menores para os principais, diferentemente do que aconteceu no primeiro período. Quanto à formação vertical dos preços entre os níveis de mercado, observou-se participação menos ativa da indústria nas antecipações das variações de preços; e uma participação mais ativa do produtor em 2003-2005. Todavia, no que diz respeito ao desempenho econômico do setor de processamento, apenas os segmentos de leites C e UHT apresentaram evolução das margens consistentes com os resultados obtidos pelas taxas de concentração. Possivelmente, isso ocorreu devido à importância da Parmalat para esses dois segmentos e, também, pela presença de novas marcas regionais que se aproveitaram do vácuo deixado pela empresa, especificamente no segmento de leite longa vida. Porém, não há evidências de que as transformações estruturais tenham reduzido as margens de comercialização para a indústria processadora como um todo. Esta última conclusão pode ser em decorrência das limitações intrínsecas a este estudo, particularmente as restrições em termos de dados. Assim, sugere-se a realização de novas pesquisas nesse mercado, utilizando séries maiores de dados, ou ainda, séries mais desagregadas (em nível de empresa), bem como maiores informações sobre o comportamento dos custos de produção que poderiam avaliar, com mais precisão, os impactos da estrutura sobre o desempenho da indústria brasileira de processamento de leite.
The Brazilian dairy sector is suffering changes in its structural organization with the increase of the participation of relatively small business and also with the reduction of the action of one of the biggest business in this sector, the Parmalat. In front of these facts, it is relevant to characterize the process of restructure that is happening recently in the dairy sector and analyze how this process is affecting the economic performance in the period of 1997-2005. It was checked that a reduction happened in the concentration indexes, from the year of 2001 on. Besides, it was observed an expansion on the participation of relatively small business between 1998 and 2005, exception to the years of 2001 and 2002. With the increase of the total production of milk in the country, all the business grew up in real terms, but they reduced their relatively participation of the biggest business as the calculated concentration taxes. In every year, the position dynamic showed itself relatively more stable in the group on leader business. This way, the Parmalat crisis didn t changed a lot the position dynamic of the first group, because the business has continued being part of it; nevertheless, it leaves the second position, passing to the fourth inside the group. The Turnover was relatively elevated for the groups B and C, besides this supposition be more important only when it is considered the behavior of the leaders. In concerning to the spatial formation of the milk value received by the producer, in general, it was noticed changes in the caused relations between the first (1997-2000) and the second (2003-2005) period, occurring in this last the predominance of onecaused effects of the smallest states to the principal ones, unlike from what happened in the first period. As to the vertical formation of the prices between the levels of the market, it was observed a less active participation of the industry in the anticipations of the price variations; and, a more active participation of the producer in 2003-2005. However, concerning the economic performance of the processing sector, only the C and UHT milk segments showed evolution of the consistent limits with results got by the concentration taxes. Possibility, this happened because the importance of Parmalat to these segments and also because of the presence of new regional trades that took advantage of the vacuum left by the business, specifically in the segment of long life milk. Still, there are no evidences that the structural changes had reduced the limits of commercialization to the processing industry as a whole. This last conclusion can be the results of the intrinsic limitations to the study, especially to the limitations concerning to the datums. So we propose the realization of new studies in this business, using bigger datum rows, or still, more disassociated (in business level), as bigger information about the behavior of the production costs that could evaluate more accuracy the impacts of the structure on the Brazilian industry performance of milk processing.
The Brazilian dairy sector is suffering changes in its structural organization with the increase of the participation of relatively small business and also with the reduction of the action of one of the biggest business in this sector, the Parmalat. In front of these facts, it is relevant to characterize the process of restructure that is happening recently in the dairy sector and analyze how this process is affecting the economic performance in the period of 1997-2005. It was checked that a reduction happened in the concentration indexes, from the year of 2001 on. Besides, it was observed an expansion on the participation of relatively small business between 1998 and 2005, exception to the years of 2001 and 2002. With the increase of the total production of milk in the country, all the business grew up in real terms, but they reduced their relatively participation of the biggest business as the calculated concentration taxes. In every year, the position dynamic showed itself relatively more stable in the group on leader business. This way, the Parmalat crisis didn t changed a lot the position dynamic of the first group, because the business has continued being part of it; nevertheless, it leaves the second position, passing to the fourth inside the group. The Turnover was relatively elevated for the groups B and C, besides this supposition be more important only when it is considered the behavior of the leaders. In concerning to the spatial formation of the milk value received by the producer, in general, it was noticed changes in the caused relations between the first (1997-2000) and the second (2003-2005) period, occurring in this last the predominance of onecaused effects of the smallest states to the principal ones, unlike from what happened in the first period. As to the vertical formation of the prices between the levels of the market, it was observed a less active participation of the industry in the anticipations of the price variations; and, a more active participation of the producer in 2003-2005. However, concerning the economic performance of the processing sector, only the C and UHT milk segments showed evolution of the consistent limits with results got by the concentration taxes. Possibility, this happened because the importance of Parmalat to these segments and also because of the presence of new regional trades that took advantage of the vacuum left by the business, specifically in the segment of long life milk. Still, there are no evidences that the structural changes had reduced the limits of commercialization to the processing industry as a whole. This last conclusion can be the results of the intrinsic limitations to the study, especially to the limitations concerning to the datums. So we propose the realization of new studies in this business, using bigger datum rows, or still, more disassociated (in business level), as bigger information about the behavior of the production costs that could evaluate more accuracy the impacts of the structure on the Brazilian industry performance of milk processing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indústria de laticínios, Mudanças estruturais, Desempenho, Parmalat Brasil, Dairy industry, Structural changes, Performance, Parmalat Brasil
Citação
FERNANDES, Rosangela Aparecida Soares. Changes in the market structural of dairy industry and the impacts on its performance in the period of 1997-2005. 2006. 143 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia e Gerenciamento do Agronegócio; Economia das Relações Internacionais; Economia dos Recursos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006.