Educação nutricional na escola do primeiro grau em Pernambuco (Brasil): diagnóstico

Abstract

Objetivou-se estudar a situação da educação nutricional na escola do primeiro grau em Pernambuco, Brasil. Um total de 761 crianças (391 de escolas públicas e 370 de escolas privadas) foram observadas em várias escolas da área metropolitana de Recife. Para avaliar o conhecimento de nutrição das crianças, foi utilizado um questionário. As crianças das escolas primárias privadas mostraram maior conhecimento de nutrição que aquelas das escolas públicas. Entretanto, todas as crianças mostraram interesse em aprender mais sobre nutrição e a seleção de tópicos foi a mesma para ambos os tipos de escolas. As opiniões dos 111 professores consultados sobre a matéria coincidiram com aquelas dos estudantes, fato que confirma a inexistência de um conteúdo sistematizado de ensino em nutrição na escola do primeiro grau em Pernambuco.

The state of nutritional education in elementary schools in Pernambuco, Brazil, was studied. The "Proposta Curricular de Ciências" (Proposal for science curriculum) — a publication of the Pernambuco Office of Education — which contains the "Programas de Saúde" (Health programs), was analyzed and the actual behavior of students in the alst (8th) grade in relation to previously defined objectives was surveyed. The suvey covered 391 students from state schools and 370 from private schools in the metropolitan area of Recife (the State capital). A 37-item questionnaire was used to determine what the students had been aught and how much they had learned concerning Nutrition, as well as to identify the subjects they would be most interested in learning. The opinion of elementary school teachers was surveyed by means of a questionnaire consisting of four questions having to do with general aspects of Nutrition and Health and the contents of the current "Programas de Saúde". Significant differences as concerns private schol students were found with regard to 12 questions (40% of the cognitive test items). Such results are evidence of the fact that such students have greater knowledge of the themes presented. However, 33% of the state school students rated the content they had been taught as insufficient, and 44% as acceptable. Private school students choosing the same ratings comprised 28% and 44% respectively. The opinion of elementary school teachers coincided with that of the students, rating Nutrition as the second priority area in teaching. On the basis of such results it has been found that there is no systematized program for the teaching of Nutrition in elementary schools in Pernambuco. A redefinition of objectives and contents in that area is thus necessary.