Fatores determinantes para os resultados da pandemia da COVID-19 em âmbito municipal
Data
2021-07-30
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A grave ameaça da pandemia do novo coronavírus (Covid-19) para a saúde pública promove o debate sobre ações tomadas pelos governantes. No Brasil, houve dificuldades na luta contra a Covid-19, especialmente por conflitos e descoordenação intergovernamental. Ademais, a Covid-19 é efetivamente um desafio político em que as ações individuais ou inação pode ter efeitos de externalidade significativos. A partir do objetivo geral da pesquisa de analisar o enfrentamento a pandemia da Covid-19 a nível municipal e os fatores que influenciam os seus resultados no contexto de Minas Gerais, três estudos independentes, porém, complementares foram desenvolvidos. No primeiro, buscou levantar quais estratégias da Administração Pública estão sendo tomadas para mitigar os efeitos da atual pandemia, assim como a comparação das medidas de combate a pandemia da Administração Pública Brasileira com a esfera internacional. Apesar dos impactos da crise da Covid-19 se expandirem para diversas áreas, através dos estudos levantados pela revisão sistemática da literatura, mostrou ser necessário para o enfrentamento a pandemia o investimento em coordenação, comunicação, uma forte liderança política, a avaliação constante das ações, bem como a união da nação para combate ao vírus, a necessidade de respostas rápidas e coordenadas, além do alinhamento de interesses. No segundo artigo, realizou uma análise das características municipais que causam efeito no enfrentamento da Covid-19 e buscou entender se as ações do presidente influenciam seu eleitorado gerando efeito sobre o número de casos e de óbitos da doença. Usando o método de Regressão Quantílica, os resultados mostraram que as variáveis que influenciam o número de casos e óbitos pela Covid-19 estão relacionadas às dimensões econômica, social e política. As evidências apontaram que maiores níveis de saúde, educação e renda contribuem para o maior sucesso para enfrentar a Covid-19, ao contrário que votos no presidente foi uma das principais associação para os piores resultados alcançados em relação ao número de doentes e de mortos. Por fim, no último estudo com o intuito de compreender melhor altos números de contaminação e óbitos pela doença, o trabalho buscou, identificar se os municípios que possuem as políticas públicas Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) e Minas Consciente (MC) se diferenciam dos demais que não possuem quanto a prevalência dos fatores: mortes por caso de Covid-19, casos de5 Covid-19, mortes de Covid-19 e saldo de empregos. Em linhas gerais, o PMM foi criado para dar suportes à atenção primária de saúde e, o MC foi implementado para garantir à sociedade, especialmente, empregados e empregadores, segurança econômica e sanitária, observando aspectos assistenciais e epidemiológicos em conjunto com aspectos econômicos. Foram realizados Teste de Médias e Propensity Score Matching, cujos achados permitiram apontar que não houve diferenças quanto à contaminação e mortes por Covid-19 e no saldo de emprego, nos municípios que implementaram as políticas comparado aqueles que não implementaram. Com isso, verificou-se que as políticas públicas Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) e Minas Consciente (MC) não contribuíram para reduzir os danos causados pela pandemia no âmbito da saúde e emprego. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se que a pandemia gerou uma crise generalizada, em diferentes âmbitos analisados, na política, economia e saúde pública, e que junto com o negacionismo científico disseminado no contexto brasileiro, agravou o quadro do país em que, medidas individualizadas adotadas durante a crise pandêmica, ou mesmo a inação, condicionou o Brasil para crescentes números de contaminados e óbitos pelo coronavírus. Palavras-chave: Covid-19. Políticas Públicas. Administração Pública.
The serious threat of the new coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) to public health promotes debate on actions taken by government officials. In Brazil, there were difficulties in the fight against Covid-19, especially due to conflicts and intergovernmental lack of coordination. Furthermore, Covid-19 is effectively a policy challenge where individual actions or inaction can have significant externality effects. From the general objective of the research to analyze the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic at the municipal level and the factors that influence its results in the context of Minas Gerais, three independent but complementary studies were developed. In the first one, it sought to raise which Public Administration strategies are being taken to mitigate the effects of the current pandemic, as well as the comparison of measures to combat the pandemic in the Brazilian Public Administration with the international sphere. Despite the impacts of the Covid-19 crisis expanding to several areas, through the studies raised by the systematic review of the literature, it proved necessary to face the pandemic, investment in coordination, communication, strong political leadership, constant evaluation of actions, as well as the nation's unity to fight the virus, the need for quick and coordinated responses, in addition to the alignment of interests. In the second article, he carried out an analysis of the municipal characteristics that have an effect on the fight against Covid-19 and sought to understand whether the president's actions influence his electorate, generating an effect on the number of cases and deaths from the disease. Using the Quantile Regression method, the results showed that the variables that influence the number of cases and deaths by Covid-19 are related to economic, social and political dimensions. Evidence pointed out that higher levels of health, education and income contribute to greater success in confronting Covid-19, while votes for the president were one of the main associations for the worst results achieved in relation to the number of sick and dead. Finally, in the last study, in order to better understand high numbers of contamination and deaths from the disease, the work sought to identify whether the municipalities that have public policies Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) and Minas Consciente (MC) differ from the others that do not have regarding the prevalence of the factors: deaths by case of Covid-19, cases of Covid-19, deaths of Covid-19 and balance of jobs. In general terms,7 the PMM was created to support primary health care and the MC was implemented to guarantee society, especially employees and employers, economic and health security, observing assistance and epidemiological aspects together with economic aspects. Means Test and Propensity Score Matching were performed, whose findings allowed us to point out that there were no differences in terms of contamination and deaths caused by Covid-19 and in the employment balance in the municipalities that implemented the policies compared to those that did not. Thus, it was found that the public policies Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) and Minas Consciente (MC) did not contribute to reducing the damage caused by the pandemic in the scope of health and employment. Based on the results, it was found that the pandemic generated a generalized crisis, in different areas analyzed, in politics, economics and public health, and that, together with the widespread scientific denial in the Brazilian context, it aggravated the situation in the country in which individualized measures adopted during the pandemic crisis, or even inaction, conditioned Brazil to increasing numbers of contaminated and deaths by the coronavirus. Keywords: Covid-19. Public Policy. Public Administration.
The serious threat of the new coronavirus pandemic (Covid-19) to public health promotes debate on actions taken by government officials. In Brazil, there were difficulties in the fight against Covid-19, especially due to conflicts and intergovernmental lack of coordination. Furthermore, Covid-19 is effectively a policy challenge where individual actions or inaction can have significant externality effects. From the general objective of the research to analyze the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic at the municipal level and the factors that influence its results in the context of Minas Gerais, three independent but complementary studies were developed. In the first one, it sought to raise which Public Administration strategies are being taken to mitigate the effects of the current pandemic, as well as the comparison of measures to combat the pandemic in the Brazilian Public Administration with the international sphere. Despite the impacts of the Covid-19 crisis expanding to several areas, through the studies raised by the systematic review of the literature, it proved necessary to face the pandemic, investment in coordination, communication, strong political leadership, constant evaluation of actions, as well as the nation's unity to fight the virus, the need for quick and coordinated responses, in addition to the alignment of interests. In the second article, he carried out an analysis of the municipal characteristics that have an effect on the fight against Covid-19 and sought to understand whether the president's actions influence his electorate, generating an effect on the number of cases and deaths from the disease. Using the Quantile Regression method, the results showed that the variables that influence the number of cases and deaths by Covid-19 are related to economic, social and political dimensions. Evidence pointed out that higher levels of health, education and income contribute to greater success in confronting Covid-19, while votes for the president were one of the main associations for the worst results achieved in relation to the number of sick and dead. Finally, in the last study, in order to better understand high numbers of contamination and deaths from the disease, the work sought to identify whether the municipalities that have public policies Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) and Minas Consciente (MC) differ from the others that do not have regarding the prevalence of the factors: deaths by case of Covid-19, cases of Covid-19, deaths of Covid-19 and balance of jobs. In general terms,7 the PMM was created to support primary health care and the MC was implemented to guarantee society, especially employees and employers, economic and health security, observing assistance and epidemiological aspects together with economic aspects. Means Test and Propensity Score Matching were performed, whose findings allowed us to point out that there were no differences in terms of contamination and deaths caused by Covid-19 and in the employment balance in the municipalities that implemented the policies compared to those that did not. Thus, it was found that the public policies Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) and Minas Consciente (MC) did not contribute to reducing the damage caused by the pandemic in the scope of health and employment. Based on the results, it was found that the pandemic generated a generalized crisis, in different areas analyzed, in politics, economics and public health, and that, together with the widespread scientific denial in the Brazilian context, it aggravated the situation in the country in which individualized measures adopted during the pandemic crisis, or even inaction, conditioned Brazil to increasing numbers of contaminated and deaths by the coronavirus. Keywords: Covid-19. Public Policy. Public Administration.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Saúde pública - Administração - Minas Gerais, COVID 19, Polítca de Saúde, Administração Pública - Minas Gerais
Citação
SANTOS, Estefânia Soares dos. Fatores determinantes para os resultados da pandemia da COVID-19 em âmbito municipal. 2021. 102 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2021.