Prevalence and factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a referral hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia at a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that used secondary data from premature infants who were born with less than 32 weeks of gestational age and were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney and multivariate tests were used. Significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 88 premature infants were included in the study. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia occurred in 27.3% of the infants and was related to having a gestational age below 28 weeks (OR: 4.80; 95% CI: 1.50-15.34; p=0.008) and a patent ductus arteriosus (OR: 3.44; 95% CI: 1.10-10.76; p=0.034). The group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia used mechanical ventilation for a longer duration, with a median of 24.5 days (p<0.0001). At discharge, the corrected and chronological ages were higher in the group with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (p<0.0001), with respective medians of 38.4 weeks and 70.5 days. Conclusions: In tthis study, the prevalence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was high; the high prevalence was related to extreme prematurity, patent ductus arteriosus, a longer period under mechanical ventilation and prolonged hospitalization. The increased survival of infants with low gestational age makes this disorder a public health issue.

Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à displasia broncopulmonar em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos: Estudo transversal de dados secundários de prematuros nascidos com menos de 32 semanas de gestação, admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Utilizaram-se os testes qui-quadrado, Mann-Whitney e a regressão multivariada. Considerou-se p<0,05. Resultados: Estudaram-se 88 prematuros. A displasia broncopulmonar ocorreu em 27,3% e se associou à idade gestacional inferior a 28 semanas (OR: 4,80; IC95%: 1,50-15,34; p=0,008) e à persistência do canal arterial (OR: 3,44; IC95%: 1,10-10,76; p=0,034). O grupo com displasia broncopulmonar utilizou maior tempo de ventilação mecânica, com mediana de 24,5 dias (p<0,0001). No momento da alta, as idades corrigida e cronológica foram maiores no grupo com displasia broncopulmonar (p<0,0001), com medianas respectivas de 38,4 semanas e 70,5 dias. Conclusões: A prevalência de displasia broncopulmonar neste estudo foi elevada, associando-se à prematuridade extrema, à persistência do canal arterial, ao maior tempo de ventilação mecânica e ao prolongamento da internação. Essa morbidade constitui problema de saúde pública em razão do aumento da sobrevida dos prematuros de menores idades gestacionais.