A intensidade da exploração agropecuária na região dos cerrados e potencial de degradação ambiental
Arquivos
Data
2005-12-19
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Neste estudo, analisaram-se a intensidade da exploração agropecuária no núcleo do Cerrado e seus efeitos sobre o potencial de degradação ambiental, em 1995-1996, bem como se esse potencial estava associado a intensidades diferentes de exploração agropecuária. De modo geral, identificaram-se heterogeneidades nas características e intensidade da exploração agropecuária e na degradação ambiental localizadas no núcleo do Cerrado. Visando identificar os fatores explicativos da relação entre exploração agropecuária e degradação ambiental no Cerrado, aplicou-se a análise fatorial, em razão da gama de variáveis envolvidas, sendo obtidos três fatores: intensidade de exploração agrícola do solo e do uso de tecnologias mecânica e bioquímica (F1), outras dimensões da agricultura (F2) e intensidade de exploração pecuária (F3). Com os escores fatoriais e considerando a relação direta entre intensidade de exploração e degradação, construiu-se um Indicador Geral de Degradação (IGD), percebendo- se desigualdades microrregionais. O maior nível de degradação concentrou-se no noroeste de Minas Gerais, em parte do sul de Goiás e em parte do sudeste de Mato Grosso. O IGD máximo (0,705) coube à Primavera do Leste (MT) e o mínimo (0,117), a Jalapão (TO). Pelo IGD, ranquearam-se as microrregiões, permitindo conhecer a sua dispersão espacial, através do indicador I de Moran e do mapa de espalhamento. Os resultados indicaram que o padrão de exploração e degradação não se manifestou de forma difusa no espaço, mas com dependência espacial. Com relação aos determinantes da intensidade da exploração da agropecuária e da degradação ambiental, os resultados apontaram a disponibilidade de crédito, a assistência técnica e a pressão demográfica. Dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a desigualdade na intensidade de exploração refletiu em graus de degradação diferentes nas 73 MRH, que poderiam estar sendo pressionadas por atividades econômicas, como a cultura de grãos em escala industrial, pecuária intensiva e culturas temporárias, dentre outras. Assim, as políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento do setor agropecuário devem levar em consideração as diferenças microrregionais nas características da exploração agropecuária. Deve-se também considerar o impacto dessas políticas na intensificação da exploração e, por conseguinte, no aumento do potencial de degradação ambiental, comprometendo, de certa forma, a sustentabilidade da atividade na região do Cerrado. É preciso, pois, compatibilizar a capacidade de suporte do meio ambiente com o tipo de exploração utilizado, para que a sustentabilidade ecológica possa acontecer. Há de se analisar, então, a região, bem como verificar as suas condições, ou seja, a sua aptidão agroecológica, procedendo-se ao zoneamento ecológico-econômico.
This study analyzed the intensity of agricultural activities in the main area of Savannah and their effects on the potential of environmental degradation in Brazil. In general, it was identified heterogeneities in the characteristics and in the intensity of the agricultural exploration and in the environmental degradation located in the nucleus of the Savannah. Seeking to identify the explanatory factors of the relationship between agricultural exploration and environmental degradation in the Savannah, the Factorial Analysis was applied, because of the multivariate characteristic of the analysis. Three factors were obtained: intensity of agricultural exploration of the soil and of the use of mechanical and biological technologies (F1), other dimensions of the agriculture (F2), and, intensity of cattle exploration (F3). With the factorial scores, a General Index of Degradation was built (IGD), considering the direct relationship between exploration intensity and degradation. Microrregions inequalities were noticed. The largest degradation level concentrated on the northwest of Minas Gerais, on the south of Goiás and on the southeast of Mato Grosso. The maximum IGD (0,705) was obtained for Primavera do Leste (MT) and the minimum (0,117), for Jalapão (TO). The microrregions was categorized by IGD, allowing to know its space dispersion, through the indicator I of Moran and the dispersion map. The results indicated that the exploration pattern and degradation did not manifest in a diffuse way in the space, but with space dependence. Regarding the determinant of the intensity of the exploration of the farming and of the environmental degradation, the results pointed out credit readiness, the technical support and the demographic pressure. With the obtained results, can be concluded that the inequality in the exploration intensity contemplated in degrees of different degradation in 73 MRH, that can be being pressed by economical activities, as the culture of grains in industrial scale, intensive livestock, temporary cultures, among others. Furthermore, the support policies for development of the agricultural sector should take into account the microrregions differences in the characteristics of the agricultural exploration. It is also due to consider the impact of those policies in the intensification of the exploration and, consequently, in the increase of the potential of environmental degradation, committing, in a certain way, the sustainability of the activity in the area of the Savannah. It is necessary, therefore, to adjust the capacity of support of the environment with the exploration type used, so that the ecological sustainability can be achieved. It has to be analyzed, then, the area and verify their conditions, in other words, the aptitude agroecological, proceeding to the ecological-economical zoning.
This study analyzed the intensity of agricultural activities in the main area of Savannah and their effects on the potential of environmental degradation in Brazil. In general, it was identified heterogeneities in the characteristics and in the intensity of the agricultural exploration and in the environmental degradation located in the nucleus of the Savannah. Seeking to identify the explanatory factors of the relationship between agricultural exploration and environmental degradation in the Savannah, the Factorial Analysis was applied, because of the multivariate characteristic of the analysis. Three factors were obtained: intensity of agricultural exploration of the soil and of the use of mechanical and biological technologies (F1), other dimensions of the agriculture (F2), and, intensity of cattle exploration (F3). With the factorial scores, a General Index of Degradation was built (IGD), considering the direct relationship between exploration intensity and degradation. Microrregions inequalities were noticed. The largest degradation level concentrated on the northwest of Minas Gerais, on the south of Goiás and on the southeast of Mato Grosso. The maximum IGD (0,705) was obtained for Primavera do Leste (MT) and the minimum (0,117), for Jalapão (TO). The microrregions was categorized by IGD, allowing to know its space dispersion, through the indicator I of Moran and the dispersion map. The results indicated that the exploration pattern and degradation did not manifest in a diffuse way in the space, but with space dependence. Regarding the determinant of the intensity of the exploration of the farming and of the environmental degradation, the results pointed out credit readiness, the technical support and the demographic pressure. With the obtained results, can be concluded that the inequality in the exploration intensity contemplated in degrees of different degradation in 73 MRH, that can be being pressed by economical activities, as the culture of grains in industrial scale, intensive livestock, temporary cultures, among others. Furthermore, the support policies for development of the agricultural sector should take into account the microrregions differences in the characteristics of the agricultural exploration. It is also due to consider the impact of those policies in the intensification of the exploration and, consequently, in the increase of the potential of environmental degradation, committing, in a certain way, the sustainability of the activity in the area of the Savannah. It is necessary, therefore, to adjust the capacity of support of the environment with the exploration type used, so that the ecological sustainability can be achieved. It has to be analyzed, then, the area and verify their conditions, in other words, the aptitude agroecological, proceeding to the ecological-economical zoning.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agropecuária - Aspectos ambientais, Agropecuária - Aspectos econômicos, Cerrados, Degradação ambiental, Homem - Influência sobre a natureza
Citação
CUNHA, Nina Rosa da Silveira. A intensidade da exploração agropecuária na região dos cerrados e potencial de degradação ambiental. 2005. 157 f. Tese (Doutorado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2005.