Morfologia das estruturas reprodutivas masculinas em Centris, Epicharis e Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
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Data
2011-12-13
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A espermiocladística, uso da morfologia dos espermatozoides como
ferramenta em análises filogenéticas, tem sido aplicada em diversas ordens de
insetos, inclusive Hymenoptera. Ainda é muito pequeno o número de espécies
de Hymenoptera que tem a estrutura do sistema reprodutor masculino e dos
espermatozoides descrita, mas os poucos trabalhos nessa área mostram que a
morfologia dessas estruturas reprodutivas apresenta caracteres diversificados
entre os táxons que podem ser usados na sistemática dentro da ordem. Em
função disso, nosso objetivo foi descrever a morfologia das estruturas
reprodutivas em espécies de Apidae e Crabronidae (Apoidea), buscando
contribuir com o conhecimento da biologia reprodutiva e sistemática desse
importante grupo de insetos. Para isso, foram utilizadas técnicas de
microscopias de luz (campo claro, campo escuro, contraste de fase e
epifluorescência para DAPI) e eletrônica de transmissão (convencional e
citoquímica com E-PTA). Embora a morfologia das estruturas reprodutivas
destes Hymenoptera seja semelhante aquela dos demais já estudados, ela
também apresenta algumas características até agora não observadas.
Caracteres obtidos a partir das estruturas reprodutivas (anatomia, histologia,número de espermatozoides por cisto e ultraestrutura) permitem, com base nas diferenças interespecíficas, agrupar espécies ou táxons superiores
proximamente relacionados. Além disso, a associação desses caracteres
aqueles da morfologia externa, do comportamento e molecular, possivelmente
sustentem análises mais consistentes e consensuais sobre as relações
evolutivas dos Hymenoptera. A produção de espermatozoides polimórficos,
como observada em espécies de Trypoxylon do subgênero Trypargilum,
desperta curiosidades sobre a biologia reprodutiva desses animais.
Spermiocladistics, the use of spermatozoa morphology as a tool in phylogenetic analysis, has been applied to several orders of insects, including Hymenoptera. The number of Hymenoptera species that have had the structure of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa reported is still very small, but the few studies in this area show that the morphology of these reproductive structures presents diversified traits among taxa, which can be used in systematics within the order. As a result, our objective was to report the morphology of reproductive structures in species of Apidae and Crabronidae (Apoidea), aiming to contribute with information on the reproductive biology and systematics of this important group of insects. Optical microscopy (bright field, dark field, phase contrast and epifluorescence for DAPI) and transmission electron microscopy techniques were thus used (conventional and cytochemistry with E-PTA). Although the morphology of reproductive structures of these Hymenoptera are similar to those of previously studied species, it also shows some features not yet observed. Specific traits of reproductive structures (anatomy, histology, number of spermatozoa per cyst and ultrastructure) allow, based on interspecific differences, grouping of closely related species or higher taxa. Moreover, the association of those traits to those of external, behavioral and molecular morphology potentially sustains more consistent and concise analyses on the evolutionary relationships of Hymenoptera. Production of polymorphic spermatozoa, as observed in species of Trypoxylon of the subgenus Trypargilum, arouses curiosity regarding the reproductive biology of these insects.
Spermiocladistics, the use of spermatozoa morphology as a tool in phylogenetic analysis, has been applied to several orders of insects, including Hymenoptera. The number of Hymenoptera species that have had the structure of the male reproductive system and spermatozoa reported is still very small, but the few studies in this area show that the morphology of these reproductive structures presents diversified traits among taxa, which can be used in systematics within the order. As a result, our objective was to report the morphology of reproductive structures in species of Apidae and Crabronidae (Apoidea), aiming to contribute with information on the reproductive biology and systematics of this important group of insects. Optical microscopy (bright field, dark field, phase contrast and epifluorescence for DAPI) and transmission electron microscopy techniques were thus used (conventional and cytochemistry with E-PTA). Although the morphology of reproductive structures of these Hymenoptera are similar to those of previously studied species, it also shows some features not yet observed. Specific traits of reproductive structures (anatomy, histology, number of spermatozoa per cyst and ultrastructure) allow, based on interspecific differences, grouping of closely related species or higher taxa. Moreover, the association of those traits to those of external, behavioral and molecular morphology potentially sustains more consistent and concise analyses on the evolutionary relationships of Hymenoptera. Production of polymorphic spermatozoa, as observed in species of Trypoxylon of the subgenus Trypargilum, arouses curiosity regarding the reproductive biology of these insects.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abelha, Polimofirsmo espermático, Sinapomorfia, Bee, Polimorfismo sperm, Synapomorphy
Citação
GOMES, Luiz Fernando. Morphology of male reproductive structures in Centris, Epicharis and Trypoxylon (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). 2011. 107 f. Tese (Doutorado em Análises quantitativas e moleculares do Genoma; Biologia das células e dos tecidos) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2011.