Caraterização tecnológica de três solos residuais estabilizados quimicamente com vistas a aplicações em geotecnia rodoviária e ambiental
Data
2006-06-14
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa se introduziu e se avaliou o potencial técnico de um estabilizante químico, o RBI Grade 81, na estabilização de três solos da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, Brasil, para aplicações em geotecnia rodoviária e em geotecnia ambiental. Os aspectos inovadores envolveram a caracterização de um produto com potencial de: (i) emprego na estabilização de solos granulares e coesivos, para fins de construção rodoviária; (ii) redução do movimento de metais pesados nos solos, com significância para a sua aplicação em misturas com solos locais nas funções de camadas de pavimentos rodoviários, barreiras impermeabilizantes de aterros sanitários e lagoas de estabilização, bem como em outras obras geotécnicas de caráter ambiental. Quanto aos estudos ambientais; realizou-se, também, uma abordagem da influência da adição desse estabilizante em comparação com o carbonato de cálcio, a cal hidratada e o cimento Portland na sorção e precipitação de metais pesados em um dos solos analisados. Os estudos dirigidos à pavimentação rodoviária abrangeram os seguintes tópicos: (i) determinação das características físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e microestruturais dos solos; (ii) estudos básicos sobre o efeito do aditivo nos solos, englobando a avaliação da influência do período decorrido entre mistura e compactação na resistência mecânica das misturas e a comparação entre a resistência à compressão não-confinada das misturas determinada via corpos-de-prova submetidos às curas selada e exposta ao ar; (iii) caracterização tecnológica dos solos e misturas, envolvendo a determinação dos parâmetros de resistência mecânica (CBR, resistência à compressão não-confinada, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e resistência ao cisalhamento) e de durabilidade, considerando-se os melhores resultados obtidos nos estudos básicos quanto ao tempo decorrido entre mistura e compactação; (iv) comparação entre os valores de CBR e resistências à compressão não-confinada e tração por compressão diametral dos solos e misturas determinados via ensaios realizados com e sem a fase de imersão em água; e (iv) caracterização física, química, mineralógica e microestrutural das misturas. Os estudos ambientais foram dirigidos a: (i) realização de ensaios de equilíbrio em lote ou batelada (batch equilibrium test), com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da adição de teores crescentes de RBI Grade 81 na capacidade máxima de retenção (sorção/precipitação) dos metais pesados Cd, Cu e Zn nos solos em estudo, utilizando-se soluções mono-espécie de cada um dos referidos contaminantes; e (ii) realização de estudo direcionado à análise da influência das variações do pH de equilíbrio e da adição de carbonato de cálcio, cal hidratada, cimento portland e RBI Grade 81 na capacidade máxima de retenção de metais pesados em um dos solos pesquisados, utilizando-se soluções multi-espécie contendo Cd, Cu e Zn. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo levaram às seguintes conclusões: (i) o estabilizante químico promoveu mudanças significativas nas propriedades físicas, químicas, mineralógicas e microestruturais dos solos analisados; (ii) a adição do estabilizante RBI Grade 81 aos solos foi responsável por aumentos significativo nos seus parâmetros de resistência mecânica. O tempo decorrido entre mistura e compactação, condições de cura, esforço de compactação e imersão em água influenciaram significativamente a resistência mecânica das misturas; (iii) análise dos resultados dos ensaios de durabilidade realizados indicou que a estabilização de solos com aditivo químico estudado pode vir a ser uma técnica viável e de interesse para fins rodoviários. No entanto, o emprego desse produto, em especial considerando-se os solos argilosos, requer estudos prévios de dosagem em laboratório para cada tipo de solo considerado; (iv) o pH e a competição iônica mostraram-se importantes fatores no controle da geodisponibilidade dos metais pesados analisados; (v) a estabilização de um dos solos em estudo com a cal hidratada, o cimento Portland e o RBI Grade 81 aumentou significativamente a sua capacidade de retenção dos íons metálicos Cd, Cu e Zn, sendo que, pautando-se em critérios técnicos, econômicos e especialmente ambientais, os resultados preliminares obtidos sugerem que a adição de pequenas porcentagens destes estabilizantes pode contribuir significativamente para a diminuição do movimento de metais pesados no perfil do solo de fundação de aterros sanitários e lagoas de estabilização, bem como de outras obras de caráter ambiental.
In this research it was introduced and evaluated the technical potential of a chemical stabilizer, the RBI Grade 81 in the stabilization ofthree tropical soils from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, for highway and geoenvironmental applications. The innovative aspects of this research involved the characterization of a product with potential of: (i) to stabilize granular and cohesive soils for road construction; (ii) to reduce heavy metal movement in soils for geoenvironmental applications directed to subgrade stabilization, landfill liner, liquid containment (pond) liner, as well as in others geoenvironmental engineering applications. Besides these analysis, it was also evaluated the efficiency of the addition of this stabilizer in the heavy metal sorption andprecipitation capacity of one of the tested soils in comparison with calcium carbonate, hydrated lime and Portland cement. The highway engineering studies encompassed the following topics: (i) determination of the physical, chemical, microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the tested soils; (ii) basic studies on the effect of the addition of the additive to the soils, including the evaluation of the influence of the time between mixture and compaction in the mechanical strength of the soil mixtures, as well as the influence of exposed and non-exposed to air cures in the unconfined compressive strength of the mixtures specimens; (iii) technological characterization of soils and mixtures, involving the determination of mechanical strength parameters (CBR, unconfined compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and triaxial shear strength) and of durability parameters considering the best data obtained in the basic studies involving the time between mixture and compaction; (iv) comparison between the CBR, unconfined compression strength and Brazilian tensile strength of soils and mixtures specimens tested before and after immersion in water; and (v) physical, chemical, microstructural and mineralogical characterization of the mixtures. The geoenvironmental studies were directed to: (i) to perform batch equilibrium test in the soils and in the mixtures in order to evaluate the influence of the addition of increasing contents of RBI Grade 81 in the maximum retention capacity (sorption/precipitation) of the metaIs heavy Cd, Cu and Zn using mono-component solutions of each one of the tested contaminants; and (ii) to develop a study directed to the analysis of the influence of the pH ranging and of the addition of calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and RBI Grade 81 in the maximum retention capacity of one ofthe tested soils using multi-component solutions containing Cd, Cu and Zn. The data of the testing program supports the following conclusions: (i) the chemical stabilizer promoted considerable changes in alI physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural properties of the studied soils; (ii) addition of the RBI Grade 81 stabilizer to the tested soils increased significantly theirs mechanical strength parameters. The elapsed time between mixture and specimen' s compaction, mixtures curing conditions, compaction effort and water immersion affected significantly the mechanical strength of the tested mixtures; (iii) data from durability tests supported that RBI Grade 81 stabilization could be a recommended technique for road engineering applications. However, it should be emphasized that, mainly in clayey soils, the use of this product demands previous laboratory studies directed to the specific soil in analysis; (iv) the pH and ionic competition were significant controlling factors ofthe heavy metal mobility and geoavailability in soils; (v) the hydrated lime, Portland cement and RBI Grade 81 stabilization significantly increased the Cd, Cu and Zn retentions capacities one of the tested soils. From technical, economic and environmental perspectives, the preliminary testing data supported that addition of low percentage of this stabilizer to soils can became an effective tool to reduce heavy metaIs mobility in landfills and pounds foundation soils, as well as in other environmental engineering applications.
In this research it was introduced and evaluated the technical potential of a chemical stabilizer, the RBI Grade 81 in the stabilization ofthree tropical soils from the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state, Brazil, for highway and geoenvironmental applications. The innovative aspects of this research involved the characterization of a product with potential of: (i) to stabilize granular and cohesive soils for road construction; (ii) to reduce heavy metal movement in soils for geoenvironmental applications directed to subgrade stabilization, landfill liner, liquid containment (pond) liner, as well as in others geoenvironmental engineering applications. Besides these analysis, it was also evaluated the efficiency of the addition of this stabilizer in the heavy metal sorption andprecipitation capacity of one of the tested soils in comparison with calcium carbonate, hydrated lime and Portland cement. The highway engineering studies encompassed the following topics: (i) determination of the physical, chemical, microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the tested soils; (ii) basic studies on the effect of the addition of the additive to the soils, including the evaluation of the influence of the time between mixture and compaction in the mechanical strength of the soil mixtures, as well as the influence of exposed and non-exposed to air cures in the unconfined compressive strength of the mixtures specimens; (iii) technological characterization of soils and mixtures, involving the determination of mechanical strength parameters (CBR, unconfined compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength and triaxial shear strength) and of durability parameters considering the best data obtained in the basic studies involving the time between mixture and compaction; (iv) comparison between the CBR, unconfined compression strength and Brazilian tensile strength of soils and mixtures specimens tested before and after immersion in water; and (v) physical, chemical, microstructural and mineralogical characterization of the mixtures. The geoenvironmental studies were directed to: (i) to perform batch equilibrium test in the soils and in the mixtures in order to evaluate the influence of the addition of increasing contents of RBI Grade 81 in the maximum retention capacity (sorption/precipitation) of the metaIs heavy Cd, Cu and Zn using mono-component solutions of each one of the tested contaminants; and (ii) to develop a study directed to the analysis of the influence of the pH ranging and of the addition of calcium carbonate, hydrated lime, Portland cement and RBI Grade 81 in the maximum retention capacity of one ofthe tested soils using multi-component solutions containing Cd, Cu and Zn. The data of the testing program supports the following conclusions: (i) the chemical stabilizer promoted considerable changes in alI physical, chemical, mineralogical and microstructural properties of the studied soils; (ii) addition of the RBI Grade 81 stabilizer to the tested soils increased significantly theirs mechanical strength parameters. The elapsed time between mixture and specimen' s compaction, mixtures curing conditions, compaction effort and water immersion affected significantly the mechanical strength of the tested mixtures; (iii) data from durability tests supported that RBI Grade 81 stabilization could be a recommended technique for road engineering applications. However, it should be emphasized that, mainly in clayey soils, the use of this product demands previous laboratory studies directed to the specific soil in analysis; (iv) the pH and ionic competition were significant controlling factors ofthe heavy metal mobility and geoavailability in soils; (v) the hydrated lime, Portland cement and RBI Grade 81 stabilization significantly increased the Cd, Cu and Zn retentions capacities one of the tested soils. From technical, economic and environmental perspectives, the preliminary testing data supported that addition of low percentage of this stabilizer to soils can became an effective tool to reduce heavy metaIs mobility in landfills and pounds foundation soils, as well as in other environmental engineering applications.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos, Propriedades, Misturas, RBI grade 81, Solos, Resistência, Pavimentos, Projetos e construção, Meio ambiente, Conservação, Metais pesados, Soil properties, Mixture, RBI Grade 81, Soil tensile strength, Highway engineering, Environmental conservation, Heavy metals
Citação
TRINDADE, Tiago Pinto da. Technological characterization of three residual soils chemically stabilized for highway and environmental geotechnical applications. 2006. 271 f. Tese (Doutorado em Geotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 2006.