Otimização da extração de compostos bioativos da casca da banana (Musa spp.) empregando solventes eutéticos profundos naturais (NADES)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A banana (Musa spp) é uma fruta de clima tropical considerada uma das mais consumidas no mundo, o que gera elevada obtenção de resíduos uma vez que a casca corresponde a 40% do peso total da fruta. A casca da banana contém compostos bioativos, com pectina, carotenoides e flavonoides, sendo o último de maior relevância pois possuírem propriedades cicatrizantes, anti-inflamatórias, antioxidante, antimicrobianas e analgésica levando a interesse científico pela vasta possibilidade de utilização do extrato contendo tais propriedades. Solventes eutéticos profundos naturais, do inglês natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) estão sendo cada vez mais empregados para extração de compostos bioativos, sendo uma alternativa para os solventes orgânicos convencionais pois possuem uma vasta faixa de polaridade, além de serem menos tóxicos, terem menor custo, serem biodegradáveis e provenientes de fontes renováveis. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a otimização da extração de fenólicos totais presentes na casca da banana (Musa spp) bem com determinar a concentração de flavonoides totais e avaliar a atividade antioxidante (AA) dos extratos. A obtenção dos extratos foi a partir da extração assistida por micro-ondas (MAE) com diferentes NADES e com os solventes convencionais etanol e acetato de etila a fim de comparação. A síntese dos NADES foi realizada através da combinação de cloreto de colina com ácido oxálico [Ch]Cl:AO, cloreto de colina com ácido cítrico [Ch]Cl:AC e cloreto de colina com ácido lático [Ch]Cl:AL. Para o planejamento experimental, foi aplicado a metodologia de superfície de resposta (MRS) avaliando a temperatura, razão (biomassa/solvente) e concentração (água/solvente). A análise dos extratos com NADES e solventes convencionais fora realizada por Espectrofotometria UV-Vis determinando a concentração de fenólicos e flavonoides totais, assim como o percentual de AA. O ponto ótimo obtido através da otimização dos resultados foi de 66,73°C para temperatura, 30% de biomassa no solvente e concentração de 58,42% adição de água no solvente. O presente estudo demonstra através dos resultados que os NADES são uma alternativa eficaz para extração de compostos bioativos da casca da banana (Musa spp). A extração efetuada empregando o NADES sintetizado a partir do ácido lático apresentou resultados superiores de concentração de flavonoides totais (0,11 g. L-1) e atividade antioxidante (93,58%), corroborando os resultados, podendo ser considerado o solvente mais eficaz utilizado na pesquisa. Palavras-chave: compostos bioativos; flavonoides; atividade antioxidante; planejamento experimental.
Bananas (Musa spp) are one of the most widely consumed tropical fruits in the world, which generates a lot of waste since the peel accounts for 40% of the fruit's total weight. The banana peel contains bioactive compounds such as pectin, carotenoids and flavonoids, the latter being of greater relevance as they have healing, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, leading to scientific interest in the vast possibility of using the extract containing such properties. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are increasingly being used to extract bioactive compounds and are an alternative to conventional organic solvents as they have a wide polarity range, are less toxic, less expensive, biodegradable and come from renewable sources. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of total phenolics from banana peel (Musa spp), determine the concentration of total flavonoids and evaluate the antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts. The extracts were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with different NADES and with the conventional solvent’s ethanol and ethyl acetate for comparison. The NADES were synthesized by combining choline chloride with oxalic acid [Ch]Cl:AO, choline chloride with citric acid [Ch]Cl:AC and choline chloride with lactic acid [Ch]Cl: AL. For the experimental design, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied, evaluating temperature, ratio (biomass/solvent) and concentration (water/solvent). The extracts were analyzed with NADES and conventional solvents using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the percentage of AA. The optimum point obtained by optimizing the results was 66.73°C for temperature, 30% biomass in the solvent and a concentration of 58.42% added water in the solvent. The results of this study show that NADES is an effective alternative for extracting bioactive compounds from banana peel (Musa spp). The extraction carried out using NADES synthesized from lactic acid showed superior results in terms of total flavonoid concentration (0.11 g. L- 1) and antioxidant activity (93.58%), corroborating the results, and can be considered the most effective solvent used in the research. Keywords: bioactive compounds; flavonoids; antioxidant activity; experimental design.
Bananas (Musa spp) are one of the most widely consumed tropical fruits in the world, which generates a lot of waste since the peel accounts for 40% of the fruit's total weight. The banana peel contains bioactive compounds such as pectin, carotenoids and flavonoids, the latter being of greater relevance as they have healing, anti- inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and analgesic properties, leading to scientific interest in the vast possibility of using the extract containing such properties. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are increasingly being used to extract bioactive compounds and are an alternative to conventional organic solvents as they have a wide polarity range, are less toxic, less expensive, biodegradable and come from renewable sources. The aim of this study was to optimize the extraction of total phenolics from banana peel (Musa spp), determine the concentration of total flavonoids and evaluate the antioxidant activity (AA) of the extracts. The extracts were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with different NADES and with the conventional solvent’s ethanol and ethyl acetate for comparison. The NADES were synthesized by combining choline chloride with oxalic acid [Ch]Cl:AO, choline chloride with citric acid [Ch]Cl:AC and choline chloride with lactic acid [Ch]Cl: AL. For the experimental design, the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied, evaluating temperature, ratio (biomass/solvent) and concentration (water/solvent). The extracts were analyzed with NADES and conventional solvents using UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids, as well as the percentage of AA. The optimum point obtained by optimizing the results was 66.73°C for temperature, 30% biomass in the solvent and a concentration of 58.42% added water in the solvent. The results of this study show that NADES is an effective alternative for extracting bioactive compounds from banana peel (Musa spp). The extraction carried out using NADES synthesized from lactic acid showed superior results in terms of total flavonoid concentration (0.11 g. L- 1) and antioxidant activity (93.58%), corroborating the results, and can be considered the most effective solvent used in the research. Keywords: bioactive compounds; flavonoids; antioxidant activity; experimental design.
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RIBEIRO, Rejane dos Santos Garcia. Otimização da extração de compostos bioativos da casca da banana (Musa spp.) empregando solventes eutéticos profundos naturais (NADES). 2024. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
