Biocompósitos de lignina e glicerina em matriz de acetato de celulose para revestimento de ureia
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Embora a ureia seja o fertilizante mais empregado, a elevada solubilidade favorece a perda de nitrogênio (N) por volatilização de NH3, sobretudo em adubações de coberturas. A ureia de liberação lenta, que reduz as perdas, é obtida pelo revestimento com polímeros sintéticos, hidrofóbicos, mas não, necessariamente, biodegradáveis. Assim, há potencial para o uso de polímeros naturais, biodegradáveis e atóxicos como acetato de celulose e lignina. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver compósitos de lignina kraft (Lig), glicerina (Gl) e acetato de celulose (Ac) para recobrir grânulos de ureia. Produziram-se soluções filmogênicas (Sfg) combinando Lig (0,6 e 1,8 %), Gl (2 e 7,5%) e Ac (2 e 5%), sendo Lig e Gl em base mássica de Ac, e o último em base mássica de ureia. Avaliaram-se vinte tratamentos gerados pela matriz composto central rotacional, com seis repetições do tratamento central (CCR). Para o recobrimento, os grânulos foram dispostos em granulador tipo prato e pulverizados com as Sfg, mantido em rotação (125 rpm) e sob um fluxo de ar quente para secar (~100 ºC). Avaliou-se a dissolução de 1 g de ureia de cada tratamento adicionado em 200 mL de água deionizada e sob agitação. No intervalo de uma hora, coletaram-se alíquotas das soluções e dosou-se a ureia pelo método do diacetyl monoxime. Avaliou-se, também, a volatilização de N- ureia em solo para cada tratamento. Quantificou-se o N pela titulação da solução proveniente da reação do NH3 com o ácido bórico. As soluções foram coletadas em intervalos de tempo determinados, por um período de trinta e seis dias. Definiram-se as curvas cinéticas de solubilização [ureia (g) x tempo (min)] e de volatilização [N- ureia (g) x tempo (h)] de acordo com o modelo de Chapman-Richards. A partir dos modelos, estimaram-se os tempos para solubilizar e volatilizar 50 e 90 % de ureia nas massas iniciais. Estatisticamente, o Ac, a Lig e as combinações Lig-Ac e Lig-Gl, aumentaram significativamente o tempo de solubilização. Já a Gl reduziu o tempo de solubilização. A Lig reduziu a volatilização do fertilizante medido como N-ureia. A partir da otimização dos modelos obtidos, definidos pela matriz CCR, estimou-se um aumento do tempo de solubilização de 28,4 vezes e uma redução da volatilização de 24% para as formulações ótimas de cada análise. Portanto, recobrimentos com Lig, Ac e Gl apresentam potencial para redução da liberação da ureia. Palavras-chave: Lignina Kraft; Solubilização; Volatilização; Modelo Chapman- Richards.
Urea is the most used fertilizer its high solubility favors nitrogen (N) loss by NH3volatilization, especially in topdressing. Slow-release urea, which reduces losses, is obtained by coating with synthetic, hydrophobic, but not necessarily biodegradable polymers. Therefore, this is potential for using natural, biodegradable, and non-toxic polymers such as cellulose acetate and lignin. The objective of this work was to develop composites of kraft lignin (Lig), glycerin (Gl), and cellulose acetate (Ac) to coat urea granules. Filmogenic solutions (Sfg) were produced by combining Lig (0.6 and 1.8%), Gl (2 and 7.5%), and Ac (2 and 5%), with Lig and Gl in a mass base of Ac, and the latter in a mass base of urea. Twenty treatments generated by the central rotational composite matrix were evaluated, with six replications of the central treatment (RCC). For coating, the granules were arranged in a plate granulator and sprayed with Sfg, kept in rotation (125 rpm), and under a flow of hot air to dry (~100 ºC). The dissolution of 1 g of urea from each treatment added in 200 mL of deionized water and under agitation was evaluated. Within one hour, aliquots of the solutions were collected, and urea was measured using the diacetyl monoxime method. The volatilization of N-urea in soil was also evaluated for each treatment. N was quantified by titration of the solution from the reaction of NH3 with boric acid. The solutions were collected at a specific time, for thirty-six days. The kinetic solubilization curves [urea (g) x time (min)] and volatilization [N-urea (g) x time (h)] were defined according to the Chapman-Richards model. From the models, the times to solubilize and volatilize 50 and 90 % of urea in the initial masses were estimated. Statistically, the Ac, the Lig, and the Lig-Ac and Lig-Gl combinations significantly increased the solubilization time. Gl, on the other hand, reduced the solubilization time. Lig reduced the volatilization of fertilizer measured as N-urea. From the optimization of the models obtained, defined by the CCR matrix, it was estimated that there would be an increase in the solubilization time of 28.4 times and a reduction in volatilization of 24% for the optimal formulations of each analysis. Therefore, coatings with Lig, Ac, and Gl can potentially reduce urea release. Keywords: Kraft lignin; Solubilization; Volatilization; Chapman-Richards model.
Urea is the most used fertilizer its high solubility favors nitrogen (N) loss by NH3volatilization, especially in topdressing. Slow-release urea, which reduces losses, is obtained by coating with synthetic, hydrophobic, but not necessarily biodegradable polymers. Therefore, this is potential for using natural, biodegradable, and non-toxic polymers such as cellulose acetate and lignin. The objective of this work was to develop composites of kraft lignin (Lig), glycerin (Gl), and cellulose acetate (Ac) to coat urea granules. Filmogenic solutions (Sfg) were produced by combining Lig (0.6 and 1.8%), Gl (2 and 7.5%), and Ac (2 and 5%), with Lig and Gl in a mass base of Ac, and the latter in a mass base of urea. Twenty treatments generated by the central rotational composite matrix were evaluated, with six replications of the central treatment (RCC). For coating, the granules were arranged in a plate granulator and sprayed with Sfg, kept in rotation (125 rpm), and under a flow of hot air to dry (~100 ºC). The dissolution of 1 g of urea from each treatment added in 200 mL of deionized water and under agitation was evaluated. Within one hour, aliquots of the solutions were collected, and urea was measured using the diacetyl monoxime method. The volatilization of N-urea in soil was also evaluated for each treatment. N was quantified by titration of the solution from the reaction of NH3 with boric acid. The solutions were collected at a specific time, for thirty-six days. The kinetic solubilization curves [urea (g) x time (min)] and volatilization [N-urea (g) x time (h)] were defined according to the Chapman-Richards model. From the models, the times to solubilize and volatilize 50 and 90 % of urea in the initial masses were estimated. Statistically, the Ac, the Lig, and the Lig-Ac and Lig-Gl combinations significantly increased the solubilization time. Gl, on the other hand, reduced the solubilization time. Lig reduced the volatilization of fertilizer measured as N-urea. From the optimization of the models obtained, defined by the CCR matrix, it was estimated that there would be an increase in the solubilization time of 28.4 times and a reduction in volatilization of 24% for the optimal formulations of each analysis. Therefore, coatings with Lig, Ac, and Gl can potentially reduce urea release. Keywords: Kraft lignin; Solubilization; Volatilization; Chapman-Richards model.
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NASCIMENTO, Jhonatan Nolasco. Biocompósitos de lignina e glicerina em matriz de acetato de celulose para revestimento de ureia. 2024. 60 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2024.
