A transformação do conhecimento de base científica em inovação: condições e contradições de uma spin-off acadêmica
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Data
2020-03-04
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A presente pesquisa parte da concepção da inovação como via de geração de valor econômico. Neste sentido, recuperam-se os estudos que relacionam conhecimento científico com o mercado. A partir disso, reconhece-se que a dinâmica de inovação se dá de maneira sistêmica e se estabelece de diferentes formas, dentre as quais se destaca a criação de spin-offs acadêmicas. A partir de um caso da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, o estudo buscou explorar o processo de inovação estabelecido através da transferência do conhecimento científico para o mercado. Através do estudo do caso Rizoflora Biotecnologia, a investigação realizada tem como objetivo central: analisar sob que condições uma tecnologia é desenvolvida a partir do conhecimento de base científica e chega até o mercado, como expressão de criação de valor econômico, sob os contornos do caso Rizoflora. Para tanto, o estudo é apoiado na fundamentação teórica em torno da relação entre desenvolvimento econômico, sistemas de inovação, o estreitamento entre ciência e mercado e as spin-offs acadêmicas. Ademais, como realidade, a qual o caso pertence, buscou-se, ainda, elucidar os esforços traçados em contexto brasileiro para o estreitamento entre ciência e mercado. No que concerne aos aspectos metodológicos, esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, realizou entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores que, de alguma maneira, integraram as condições pelas quais a spin-off acadêmica se formou e desenvolveu. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se do método de análise de conteúdo, com o auxílio do software ATLAS.ti. Os resultados apontaram que as condições sobre as quais a spin-off investigada se desenvolveu foi composta por um conjunto de eventos específicos que constituíram diferentes fases de desenvolvimento e estágios de transição. Ademais, identificou-se que a estrutura funcional sistêmica, que alicerçou o caso, foi composta por funções chaves, sendo elas: Suporte; Regulamentação; Infraestrutura, Financiamento e Comercialização, que perpassou pela atuação de cinco atores principais: Universidade, Agências de fomento, Atores políticos, Facilitadores e Mercado. Por fim, identificou fatores intervenientes de nível individual, organizacional, institucional e ambiental. A partir dos quais se destacou a relevância positiva para o caso dos influenciadores individuais, a sublinhar, o envolvimento do inventor e a participação de um gestor de negócio externo, além da forte influência associada a aspectos organizacionais, em torno do tipo da tecnologia e do modelo de negócio definido, os fatores estimulantes advindos em nível institucional, sobretudo, a partir de mecanismos de apoio oferecidos pela universidade, bem como a dificuldade imputada à spin-off, devido ao tipo de mercado final a ser explorado e a obstrução ao desenvolvimento do empreendimento acadêmico face às condições regulatórias, em nível ambiental. Palavras-chave: Spin-off acadêmica. Sistemas de inovação. Interação entre ciência e mercado. Desenvolvimento econômico.
This research starts from the conception of innovation as a way of generating economic value. In this sense, studies that link scientific knowledge with the market are recovered. From this, it is recognized that the dynamics of innovation occurs in a systemic way and is established in different ways, among which the creation of academic spin-offs stands out. Based on a case from the Federal University of Viçosa, the study sought to explore the innovation process established through the transfer of scientific knowledge to the market. Through the study of the Rizoflora Biotechnology case, the research carried out has the central objective: to analyze under which conditions a technology is developed from scientific knowledge and reaches the market, as an expression of the creation of economic value. To this end, the study is supported by a theoretical foundation around the relationship between economic development, innovation systems, the narrowing between science and the market and academic spin-offs. Furthermore, as a reality, to which the case belongs, it was also sought to elucidate the efforts outlined in the Brazilian context for the narrowing between science and the market. With regard to methodological aspects, this qualitative research carried out semi-structured interviews with actors who, in some way, integrated the conditions under which the academic spin-off was formed and developed. In the data analysis, the content analysis method was used, with the aid of the software ATLAS.ti. The results showed that the conditions under which the investigated spin-off developed was composed of a set of specific events that constituted different stages of development and stages of transition. In addition, it was identified that the systemic functional structure that underpinned the case was composed of key functions, namely: Support; Regulation; Infrastructure, Financing and Commercialization, which included five main players: University, Development Agencies, Political Actors, Facilitators and Market. Finally, it identified intervening factors at the individual, organizational, institutional and environmental level. From which the positive relevance for the case of individual influencers was highlighted, to underline, the involvement of the inventor and the participation of an external business manager, in addition to the strong influence associated with organizational aspects, around the type of technology and the defined business model, the stimulating factors arising at the institutional level, mainly from support mechanisms offered by the university, as well as the difficulty attributed to the spin- off due to the type of final market to be explored and the obstruction to the development of the enterprise academic environment in view of regulatory conditions. Keywords: Academic spin-off. Innovation systems. Interaction between science and market. Economic development.
This research starts from the conception of innovation as a way of generating economic value. In this sense, studies that link scientific knowledge with the market are recovered. From this, it is recognized that the dynamics of innovation occurs in a systemic way and is established in different ways, among which the creation of academic spin-offs stands out. Based on a case from the Federal University of Viçosa, the study sought to explore the innovation process established through the transfer of scientific knowledge to the market. Through the study of the Rizoflora Biotechnology case, the research carried out has the central objective: to analyze under which conditions a technology is developed from scientific knowledge and reaches the market, as an expression of the creation of economic value. To this end, the study is supported by a theoretical foundation around the relationship between economic development, innovation systems, the narrowing between science and the market and academic spin-offs. Furthermore, as a reality, to which the case belongs, it was also sought to elucidate the efforts outlined in the Brazilian context for the narrowing between science and the market. With regard to methodological aspects, this qualitative research carried out semi-structured interviews with actors who, in some way, integrated the conditions under which the academic spin-off was formed and developed. In the data analysis, the content analysis method was used, with the aid of the software ATLAS.ti. The results showed that the conditions under which the investigated spin-off developed was composed of a set of specific events that constituted different stages of development and stages of transition. In addition, it was identified that the systemic functional structure that underpinned the case was composed of key functions, namely: Support; Regulation; Infrastructure, Financing and Commercialization, which included five main players: University, Development Agencies, Political Actors, Facilitators and Market. Finally, it identified intervening factors at the individual, organizational, institutional and environmental level. From which the positive relevance for the case of individual influencers was highlighted, to underline, the involvement of the inventor and the participation of an external business manager, in addition to the strong influence associated with organizational aspects, around the type of technology and the defined business model, the stimulating factors arising at the institutional level, mainly from support mechanisms offered by the university, as well as the difficulty attributed to the spin- off due to the type of final market to be explored and the obstruction to the development of the enterprise academic environment in view of regulatory conditions. Keywords: Academic spin-off. Innovation systems. Interaction between science and market. Economic development.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Spin-off acadêmico, Inovações tecnológicas - Aspectos econômicos, Colaboração acadêmico-industrial, Novos negócios baseados em universidades, Desenvolvimento econômico, Empreendedorismo
Citação
LAURIANO, Nayara Gonçalves. A transformação do conhecimento de base científica em inovação: condições e contradições de uma spin-off acadêmica . 2020. 200 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Administração) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2020.