Avaliação da genotoxicidade em plantas nativas em áreas adjacentes ao rejeito da Barragem B1 (Brumadinho-MG)
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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O rompimento de barragens de mineração mobiliza e deposita rejeitos com potencial de interferência geoquímica ambiental, afetando a biota local. Este estudo investigou os efeitos genotóxicos do rompimento da barragem B1 da Mina Córrego do Feijão (Brumadinho-MG, 2019) avaliando a relação entre a concentração de metais no solo e os danos fita simples e fita dupla na molécula de DNA. Duas áreas adjacentes ao rejeito e uma área referência foram avaliadas por técnicas de monitoramento ambiental a respeito das características genotóxicas e geoquímicas. Amostras de solo e folhas de Rhynchospora exaltata, Rugoloa pilosa, Anemia phyllitidis, Parodiophyllochloa pantricha e Oeceoclades maculata foram coletadas nas áreas adjacentes (A1, A3) e na área referência (AR). Os metais Al, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe e Zn foram analisados via extração sequencial (Tessier, 1979) e os danos genéticos por Ensaio Cometa em tampão alcalino. A área mais próxima ao ponto de rompimento da barragem (A1) possui maior concentração total de metais e maior dano genotóxico. A área mais distante ao ponto de rompimento (A3) apresentou dano genético similar a área referência (AR). As três áreas apresentaram diferença na concentração dos metais na fração residual e na concentração total, demonstrando diferença na rocha de origem. Os valores médios de dano genético observados ficaram inferiores a 10%, sendo comparáveis aos de áreas controle segundo a literatura. Os resultados sugerem que há bioacúmulo e resposta genômica proporcional ao gradiente de concentração de metais mas de impacto ecotoxicológico limitado. A presença do rejeito nas áreas avaliadas não resultou em interferências significativas. As técnicas utilizadas se demonstraram mutuamente correlatas para avaliação das características ambientais, entretanto é evidente a necessidade de integração de análises multibiomarcadoras para avaliação dos efeitos ecológicos da contaminação. Palavras-chave: ecotoxicologia; genotoxicidade; geoquímica; mineração
The collapse of mining dams mobilizes and deposits waste with the potential for environmental geochemical interference, affecting the local biota. This study investigated the genotoxic effects of the collapse of the B1 dam at the Córrego do Feijão Mine (Brumadinho-MG, 2019) by evaluating the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and single-strand and double-strand damage to the DNA molecule. Two areas adjacent to the tailings and a reference area were evaluated using environmental monitoring techniques regarding genotoxic and geochemical characteristics. Samples of soil and leaves of Rhynchospora exaltata, Rugoloa pilosa, Anemia phyllitidis, Parodiophyllochloa pantricha and Oeceoclades maculata were collected in adjacent areas (A1, A3) and in the reference area (AR). The metals Al, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn were analyzed via sequential extraction (Tessier, 1979) and genetic damage by Comet Assay in alkaline buffer. The area closest to the dam failure point (A1) has the highest total concentration of metals and the greatest genotoxic damage. The area furthest from the rupture point (A3) showed genetic damage similar to the reference area (AR). The three areas showed differences in the concentration of metals in the residual fraction and in the total concentration, demonstrating a difference in the source rock. The average values of genetic damage observed were less than 10%, being comparable to those in control areas according to the literature. The results suggest that there is bioaccumulation and genomic response proportional to the metal concentration gradient but with limited ecotoxicological impact. The presence of waste in the areas assessed was not investigated for significant interference. The techniques used were shown to be mutually correlated in the assessment of environmental characteristics, however the need to integrate multi-biomarker analyzes to assess the ecological effects of contamination is evident. Key words: ecotoxicology; geology; genotoxicity; mining
The collapse of mining dams mobilizes and deposits waste with the potential for environmental geochemical interference, affecting the local biota. This study investigated the genotoxic effects of the collapse of the B1 dam at the Córrego do Feijão Mine (Brumadinho-MG, 2019) by evaluating the relationship between the concentration of metals in the soil and single-strand and double-strand damage to the DNA molecule. Two areas adjacent to the tailings and a reference area were evaluated using environmental monitoring techniques regarding genotoxic and geochemical characteristics. Samples of soil and leaves of Rhynchospora exaltata, Rugoloa pilosa, Anemia phyllitidis, Parodiophyllochloa pantricha and Oeceoclades maculata were collected in adjacent areas (A1, A3) and in the reference area (AR). The metals Al, Pb, Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn were analyzed via sequential extraction (Tessier, 1979) and genetic damage by Comet Assay in alkaline buffer. The area closest to the dam failure point (A1) has the highest total concentration of metals and the greatest genotoxic damage. The area furthest from the rupture point (A3) showed genetic damage similar to the reference area (AR). The three areas showed differences in the concentration of metals in the residual fraction and in the total concentration, demonstrating a difference in the source rock. The average values of genetic damage observed were less than 10%, being comparable to those in control areas according to the literature. The results suggest that there is bioaccumulation and genomic response proportional to the metal concentration gradient but with limited ecotoxicological impact. The presence of waste in the areas assessed was not investigated for significant interference. The techniques used were shown to be mutually correlated in the assessment of environmental characteristics, however the need to integrate multi-biomarker analyzes to assess the ecological effects of contamination is evident. Key words: ecotoxicology; geology; genotoxicity; mining
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CARVALHO, Rodrigo Consentino de. Avaliação da genotoxicidade em plantas nativas em áreas adjacentes ao rejeito da Barragem B1 (Brumadinho-MG). 2025. 17 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025.
