Sais básicos lamelares de zinco e cobre como nova fonte de fertilizante para a cultura do milho
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
O desenvolvimento de materiais capazes de reduzir as perdas e aumentar a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas, resultando em ganho de produtividade, é de extrema importância socioeconômica. Os Sais Básicos Lamelares (SBLs) são nanomaterias bidimensionais, que possuem a capacidade de armazenar em sua estrutura ânions como, por exemplo, os fosfatos e os nitratos, e dependo das condições do solo utilizadas, liberá-los de forma lenta para as plantas. Estes materiais podem fazer parte de uma nova tecnologia capaz de diminuir as perdas com fertilizantes, e, ao mesmo tempo, aumentar a produtividade das culturas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo a síntese e a caracterização de SBLs contendo nitrato e fosfato, como fonte de macronutrientes para as plantas. O zinco e o cobre também foram utilizados na constituição dos SBLs, uma vez que são micronutrientes para as plantas e fazem parte de suas principais reações enzimáticas. Como resultado das reações de síntese se obteve um SBL de zinco e cobre intercalado com fósforo (SBL-ZnCu-PO 4 ). O estudo de liberação “in vitro” mostrou que em solução-tampão de pH = 5,0, o SBL-ZnCu-PO 4 teve alta liberação de cobre e baixa liberação de fósforo. Para as soluções-tampão de pH = 6,0 e 7,0 apresentaram baixa liberação de cobre e uma liberação de fósforo mais significativa. O bioensaio utilizando solo arenoso apresentou um resultado satisfatório para o SBL-ZnCu-PO 4 quando comparado com as fontes solúveis de cobre, uma vez que a liberação de cobre a partir do SBL mostrou um comportamento de aumento gradual. Para este mesmo material, a liberação de fósforo também foi crescente, apesar de que a quantidade disposta pelo material ser baixa, ela complementa aos métodos convencionais utilizados. Foi verificado um ganho significativo na matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes das plantas avaliadas. Assim, conclui-se que o SBL-ZnCu-PO 4 é um material promissor como fertilizante de liberação lenta de cobre e suplementação adicional de fósforo para as plantas. Palavras-chave: Sais Básicos Lamelares. Fósforo. Cobre. Liberação Lenta. Nutrição de Plantas.
Lamellar Basic Salts (LBS) are two-dimensional nanomaterials, which have the ability to store anions in their structure, such as phosphates and nitrates, and, depending on the used soil conditions, they can slowly-release these anions to plants. These materials can be part of a new technology capable of reducing fertilizer losses and, at the same time, increasing crop productivity. This work aims to synthesize and characterize LBS containing nitrate and phosphate, as a source of macronutrients for plants. Zinc and copper were also used in the LBS structure since they are micronutrients for plants and also to be part of their main enzymatic reactions. As a result of the synthesis reactions, an LBS of zinc and copper intercalated with phosphorus, named SBL-ZnCu-PO4, was obtained. The “in vitro” release study showed that using a buffer solution of pH = 5.0, SBL-ZnCu-PO4 had a high copper release and at the same time a low phosphorus release. Furthermore, in the buffer solutions of pH = 6.0 and 7.0, the LBS showed low copper release and a more significant phosphorus release. The bioassay using sandy soil showed a satisfactory result for SBL-ZnCu-PO4 when compared with soluble copper sources since the release of copper from SBL showed a gradual increase in behavior. For this same material, the release of phosphorus was also increasing, although the amount disposed of by the material is low, it complements the conventional methods used. There was a significant gain in the dry matter of shoots and roots of the evaluated plants. Thus, it is concluded that SBL-ZnCu-PO4 is a promising material as a slow-release copper fertilizer and additional phosphorus supplementation for plants. Keywords: Layered basic salts. Phosphor. Copper. Fertilizer. slow-release. Plant Nutrition.
Lamellar Basic Salts (LBS) are two-dimensional nanomaterials, which have the ability to store anions in their structure, such as phosphates and nitrates, and, depending on the used soil conditions, they can slowly-release these anions to plants. These materials can be part of a new technology capable of reducing fertilizer losses and, at the same time, increasing crop productivity. This work aims to synthesize and characterize LBS containing nitrate and phosphate, as a source of macronutrients for plants. Zinc and copper were also used in the LBS structure since they are micronutrients for plants and also to be part of their main enzymatic reactions. As a result of the synthesis reactions, an LBS of zinc and copper intercalated with phosphorus, named SBL-ZnCu-PO4, was obtained. The “in vitro” release study showed that using a buffer solution of pH = 5.0, SBL-ZnCu-PO4 had a high copper release and at the same time a low phosphorus release. Furthermore, in the buffer solutions of pH = 6.0 and 7.0, the LBS showed low copper release and a more significant phosphorus release. The bioassay using sandy soil showed a satisfactory result for SBL-ZnCu-PO4 when compared with soluble copper sources since the release of copper from SBL showed a gradual increase in behavior. For this same material, the release of phosphorus was also increasing, although the amount disposed of by the material is low, it complements the conventional methods used. There was a significant gain in the dry matter of shoots and roots of the evaluated plants. Thus, it is concluded that SBL-ZnCu-PO4 is a promising material as a slow-release copper fertilizer and additional phosphorus supplementation for plants. Keywords: Layered basic salts. Phosphor. Copper. Fertilizer. slow-release. Plant Nutrition.
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FERREIRA, Jader Alves. Sais básicos lamelares de zinco e cobre como nova fonte de fertilizante para a cultura do milho.2023. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado Multicêntrico em Química de Minas Gerais) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Rio Paranaíba. 2023.
