Trabalho Infantil no Brasil: legado entre gerações e suas consequências sobre a pobreza
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Data
2022-01-17
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O trabalho infantil é um fenômeno complexo, cujas consequências ultrapassam as noções de defesa e de garantia dos direitos das crianças, adentrando nas questões socioeconômicas. Considerando esta realidade, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que se associam à entrada precoce das crianças e adolescentes no mercado de trabalho no Brasil, com ênfase, no efeito do status de trabalhador infantil dos pais sobre este fenômeno, observando se as chances de trabalho infantil se alteram quando apenas a mãe, apenas o pai ou ambos trabalharam quando crianças. Ademais, buscou-se, ainda, verificar se a condição passada de trabalhador infantil dos pais afeta a condição socioeconômica presente dos domicílios. As evidências empíricas foram obtidas a partir do uso de microdados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2015, estimadas por meio do Modelo de Probabilidade Linear. Os resultados indicam que o fato de os pais terem exercido trabalho infantil durante a infância aumenta a probabilidade de que seus filhos também exerçam, ou seja, revelam a possibilidade de transmissão de status sociais entre gerações. Além disso, ao se comparar a influência da oferta de trabalho infantil da mãe e a do pai sobre esse fenômeno, verifica-se que a condição do pai é mais influente. Verificou-se ainda que essa probabilidade aumenta, para crianças e adolescentes em que ambos os pais foram trabalhadores infantis, evidenciando o impacto das características sociais dos pais sobre as condições de seus filhos. No que se refere ao efeito da condição passada de trabalhadora infantil da mãe, do pai e de ambos sobre a condição de pobreza do domicilio, observa-se que o status de trabalhador infantil afeta positivamente a possibilidade dos domicílios se encontrarem abaixo da linha da pobreza, o que pode estar diretamente associado às perdas sociais e educacionais ao longo do tempo, que acabam por influenciar as condições futuras. Assim, à medida que esse trabalho verifica que o trabalho infantil é um problema social de longo prazo com efeitos na geração presente e futura, seus resultados possibilita a formatação de políticas públicas para prevenção e erradicação do trabalho infantil e pobreza no Brasil. Palavras-chave: Trabalho Infantil. Pobreza. Transmissão Intergeracional
Child labor is a complex phenomenon, the consequences of which go beyond the notions of defending and guaranteeing children's rights, entering socio-economic issues. Considering this reality, the present work aims to analyze the factors that are associated with the early entry of children and adolescents into the labor market in Brazil, with emphasis on the effect of the child worker status of the parents on this phenomenon, observing whether the chances of of child labor change when only the mother, only the father or both worked as children. In addition, it was also sought to verify whether the parents' past condition of child worker affects the present socioeconomic condition of the households. Empirical evidence was obtained using microdata from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), estimated using the Linear Probability Model. The results indicate that the fact that parents have performed child labor during childhood increases the probability that their children also exercise, that is, they reveal the possibility of transmission of social status between generations. Furthermore, when comparing the influence of the mother's and the father's child labor offer on this phenomenon, it appears that the father's condition is more influential. It was also found that this probability increases for children and adolescents in which both parents were child workers, evidencing the impact of the parents' social characteristics on the conditions of their children. With regard to the effect of the mother's, father's and both's past child worker status on the household's poverty condition, it is observed that the child worker status positively affects the possibility of households being below the poverty line. , which can be directly associated with social and educational losses over time, which end up influencing future conditions. Thus, as this work verifies that child labor is a long-term social problem with effects on the present and future generations, its results enable the formatting of public policies for the prevention and eradication of child labor and poverty in Brazil. Keywords: Child Labor.Poverty.Intergenerational Transmission
Child labor is a complex phenomenon, the consequences of which go beyond the notions of defending and guaranteeing children's rights, entering socio-economic issues. Considering this reality, the present work aims to analyze the factors that are associated with the early entry of children and adolescents into the labor market in Brazil, with emphasis on the effect of the child worker status of the parents on this phenomenon, observing whether the chances of of child labor change when only the mother, only the father or both worked as children. In addition, it was also sought to verify whether the parents' past condition of child worker affects the present socioeconomic condition of the households. Empirical evidence was obtained using microdata from the 2015 National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), estimated using the Linear Probability Model. The results indicate that the fact that parents have performed child labor during childhood increases the probability that their children also exercise, that is, they reveal the possibility of transmission of social status between generations. Furthermore, when comparing the influence of the mother's and the father's child labor offer on this phenomenon, it appears that the father's condition is more influential. It was also found that this probability increases for children and adolescents in which both parents were child workers, evidencing the impact of the parents' social characteristics on the conditions of their children. With regard to the effect of the mother's, father's and both's past child worker status on the household's poverty condition, it is observed that the child worker status positively affects the possibility of households being below the poverty line. , which can be directly associated with social and educational losses over time, which end up influencing future conditions. Thus, as this work verifies that child labor is a long-term social problem with effects on the present and future generations, its results enable the formatting of public policies for the prevention and eradication of child labor and poverty in Brazil. Keywords: Child Labor.Poverty.Intergenerational Transmission
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Trabalho infantil - Brasil, Pobreza, Gerações
Citação
SANTOS, Isabela Almeida dos. Trabalho Infantil no Brasil: legado entre gerações e suas consequências sobre a pobreza.2022. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.