Análise da cadeia agroindustrial do chocolate no Brasil
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Data
2000-09-12
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Este estudo pretende avaliar a Cadeia Agroindustrial do Chocolate no Brasil, por meio da estrutura, da conduta e do desempenho dos seus principais segmentos, buscando maior compreensão sobre este segmento da economia. Utilizou-se medidas de estrutura, especialmente as de concentração, como o Coeficiente de Concentração (CR), relacionado às quatro e às oito maiores firmas e índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI). O cálculo destes índices demonstrou que, com exceção do setor primário de produção de cacau, o restante da cadeia é bastante concentrada e existe uma tendência concentradora no mercado nacional de cacau e chocolate. A conduta do setor moageiro fica restrita na criação de vantagens competitivas, quanto ao atendimento ao cliente, marca etc., pois os preços dos derivados do cacau são formados no mercado internacional. A indústria chocolateira cria vantagens com a publicidade, diferenciação dos produtos e estratégias de ampliação da produção. Os indicadores de desempenho, mais precisamente a quantidade produzida de cada setor da cadeia, mostram que a diminuição da produção baiana está repercutindo, proporcionalmente, sobre a produção do setor moageiro, enquanto que a indústria chocolateira está aumentando a sua produção. O desempenho do setor exportador também é ruim e existe uma transformação da estrutura de exportação em uma estrutura de importação de amêndoas de cacau e chocolate. Conclui-se que os setores de cacau e chocolate, no Brasil, merecem a atenção dos agentes públicos de desenvolvimento por dois motivos: primeiro, as grandes perdas verificadas na cacauicultura e a grande parcela de mercado dominado por poucas firmas na moagem, na indústria chocolateira e no setor exportador.
This study intends to evaluate the complex of the Chocolate in Brazil, by means of the structure, of the conduct and of the performance of its main segments, looking for larger understanding on this segment of the economy. It was used structure measures, especially the one of concentration, as the Coefficient of Concentration (CR), related the four and the eight larger firms and index of Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI). The calculation of these indexes demonstrated that, except for the primary section of cocoa production the remaining of the chain is quite concentrated and a tendency of concentration exists in the national market of cocoa and chocolate. The conduct of the grinding industry is restricted in the creation of competitive advantages, with relationship to the attendance to the customer, it marks and etc., because the prices of those derived of the cocoa are formed in the international market. The chocolate industry creates advantages with the publicity, differentiation of the products and strategies of amplification of the production. The performer indicators, in fact the produced amount of each section of the chain, they show that the decrease of the production from Bahia, it is rebounding, proporcionaly, about the production of the grinding section, while the chocolate industry is increasing its production. The exporter's performance is also bad and a transformation of the export structure exists in a structure of import of cocoa and chocolate. It is ended that the cocoa and chocolate sections, in Brazil, deserve the public development agents' attention for two reasons: first, the great losses verified in the cocoa and the great market portion dominated by few firms in the grinding, in the chocolate industry and in the section exporter.
This study intends to evaluate the complex of the Chocolate in Brazil, by means of the structure, of the conduct and of the performance of its main segments, looking for larger understanding on this segment of the economy. It was used structure measures, especially the one of concentration, as the Coefficient of Concentration (CR), related the four and the eight larger firms and index of Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI). The calculation of these indexes demonstrated that, except for the primary section of cocoa production the remaining of the chain is quite concentrated and a tendency of concentration exists in the national market of cocoa and chocolate. The conduct of the grinding industry is restricted in the creation of competitive advantages, with relationship to the attendance to the customer, it marks and etc., because the prices of those derived of the cocoa are formed in the international market. The chocolate industry creates advantages with the publicity, differentiation of the products and strategies of amplification of the production. The performer indicators, in fact the produced amount of each section of the chain, they show that the decrease of the production from Bahia, it is rebounding, proporcionaly, about the production of the grinding section, while the chocolate industry is increasing its production. The exporter's performance is also bad and a transformation of the export structure exists in a structure of import of cocoa and chocolate. It is ended that the cocoa and chocolate sections, in Brazil, deserve the public development agents' attention for two reasons: first, the great losses verified in the cocoa and the great market portion dominated by few firms in the grinding, in the chocolate industry and in the section exporter.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Estrutura, Conduta, Desempenho, Complexo agroindustrial do chocolate
Citação
CHAVES, Carlos Moisés Oliveira. Análise da cadeia agroindustrial do chocolate no Brasil. 2000. 147 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2000.