Deslocamento de microplásticos de poliestireno fluorescente em forrageiras de Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) após ingestão
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
A poluição por microplásticos (MPs) representa uma ameaça emergente aos seres vivos, incluindo importantes polinizadores com as abelhas nativas. O presente trabalho investigou o deslocamento de MPs de poliestireno (PS) fluorescentes no intestino médio e gânglio cerebral (cérebro) em forrageiras da abelha sem ferrão Partamona helleri após a exposição oral. Os indivíduos foram coletados nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e alimentados por 24h com solução de sacarose 50% (p/p) contaminada com MPs em duas concentrações, 6,5 ng/μL e 13 ng/μL, ambas ambientalmente relevantes. Após exposição, as abelhas foram alimentadas apenas com sacarose 50% (p/p) e avaliadas por até 144h após o início da exposição. A cada 24h, cinco indivíduos tiveram o intestino e o cérebro dissecados e fixados (n = 120). A presença das MPs foi analisada por microscopia de fluorescência em seções intestinais e cerebrais. Além disso, foi realizada análise histológica qualitativa para identificar possíveis alterações morfológicas nos tecidos. Os resultados demonstraram acúmulo de MPs no intestino entre 24h e 72h após a exposição, e presença de partículas solitárias no trato digestivo, na hemolinfa e no cérebro (lobos antenais e córtex cerebral) após 72h, indicando deslocamento de partículas. Nas análises hitológicas, observou-se pontos de alterações morfológicas, mas não foi possível estabelecer uma relação de causa e efeito entre as alterações observadas e a ingestão de partículas de PS. A exposição a MPs, mesmo em concentrações ambientalmente realistas, pode desencadear um acúmulo e deslocamento de partículas pelo organismo das abelhas, atingindo regiões importantes do sistema nervoso central dos indivíduos. Este estudo reforça a necessidade de ampliar estudos ecotoxicológicos com polinizadores nativos frente à crescente contaminação ambiental por microplásticos. Palavras-chave: Cérebro, Intestino médio, Microscopia de fluorescência, Polinizadores; Ecotoxicologia
Microplastic (MP) pollution represents an emerging threat to living organisms, including key pollinators such as native bees. This study investigated the translocation of fluorescent polystyrene (PS) MPs within the midgut and cerebral ganglion (brain) of forager workers of the stingless bee Partamona helleri following oral exposure. Individuals were collected from the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa and fed for 24 hours with a 50% (w/w) sucrose solution contaminated with MPs at two environmentally relevant concentrations: 6.5 ng/μL and 13 ng/μL. After exposure, bees were fed exclusively with a 50% (w/w) sucrose solution and monitored for up to 144 hours post-exposure. Every 24 hours, five individuals had their midgut and brain dissected and fixed (n = 120). The presence of particles was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy in gut and brain sections. Additionally, qualitative histological analysis was performed to identify possible morphological alterations in the tissues. Results showed MP accumulation in the midgut between 24 and 72 hours after exposure, and the presence of isolated particles in the digestive tract, hemolymph and brain (antennal lobes and cerebral cortex) after 72 hours, indicating particle deslocation. Some points of morphological alterations were observed in the histological analyses; however, it was not possible to establish a cause- and-effect relationship between these alterations and the ingestion of PS particles. Exposure to MPs, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, can trigger particle accumulation and translocation throughout the bee's body, reaching important regions of the central nervous system. This study highlights the urgent need to expand ecotoxicological research on native pollinators in the face of increasing environmental contamination by microplastics. Keywords: Brain; Midgut; Fluorescence microscopy; Polinators; Ecotoxicology.
Microplastic (MP) pollution represents an emerging threat to living organisms, including key pollinators such as native bees. This study investigated the translocation of fluorescent polystyrene (PS) MPs within the midgut and cerebral ganglion (brain) of forager workers of the stingless bee Partamona helleri following oral exposure. Individuals were collected from the campus of the Federal University of Viçosa and fed for 24 hours with a 50% (w/w) sucrose solution contaminated with MPs at two environmentally relevant concentrations: 6.5 ng/μL and 13 ng/μL. After exposure, bees were fed exclusively with a 50% (w/w) sucrose solution and monitored for up to 144 hours post-exposure. Every 24 hours, five individuals had their midgut and brain dissected and fixed (n = 120). The presence of particles was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy in gut and brain sections. Additionally, qualitative histological analysis was performed to identify possible morphological alterations in the tissues. Results showed MP accumulation in the midgut between 24 and 72 hours after exposure, and the presence of isolated particles in the digestive tract, hemolymph and brain (antennal lobes and cerebral cortex) after 72 hours, indicating particle deslocation. Some points of morphological alterations were observed in the histological analyses; however, it was not possible to establish a cause- and-effect relationship between these alterations and the ingestion of PS particles. Exposure to MPs, even at environmentally realistic concentrations, can trigger particle accumulation and translocation throughout the bee's body, reaching important regions of the central nervous system. This study highlights the urgent need to expand ecotoxicological research on native pollinators in the face of increasing environmental contamination by microplastics. Keywords: Brain; Midgut; Fluorescence microscopy; Polinators; Ecotoxicology.
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XAVIER, Tandara Ketlyn Degobi. Deslocamento de microplásticos de poliestireno fluorescente em forrageiras de Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) após ingestão. 2025. 30 f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2025
