Tolerância à corrupção em democracias latino-americanas
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Data
2022-02-22
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A corrupção é uma conduta - ou prática - que se desvia das expectativas padronizadas no desempenho das funções do poder confiado. O que é ou não percebido como corrupção varia entre os indivíduos, no espaço e no tempo. Sempre haverá um certo grau de permissividade em relação à corrupção na sociedade. Esta dissertação concentra-se em compreender os elementos que condicionam a tolerância à corrupção, em nível individual, nas democracias latino-americanas. Para tanto, calculou-se um modelo probit ordenado, usando dados do Latinobarômetro de 2020. Os resultados indicam que os homens, em média, são mais propensos a ter menor tolerância à corrupção do que as mulheres; que indivíduos com menor nível de escolaridade têm maior probabilidade de serem mais tolerantes à corrupção; e que níveis mais elevados de prática religiosa tendem a estar associados a atitudes mais duras em relação à corrupção. Os resultados também evidenciam que os funcionários das empresas privadas têm maior probabilidade de serem mais tolerantes do que os de empresas públicas. No que se refere à percepção da extensão da corrupção, os indivíduos que acreditam que a corrupção aumentou ou aumentou muito no ano de 2020, tendem a ser menos tolerantes à corrupção e que aqueles que estão mais satisfeitos com a democracia mostram uma tendência menor de tolerar a corrupção. Confiar em muitas instituições governamentais - nacionais e internacionais - também está associado a uma menor tolerância à corrupção, resultado semelhante para indivíduos que preferem uma sociedade mais livre. Pode-se perceber que, ao se comparar com ano de 2016, os condicionantes da tolerância à corrupção se mantiveram, à exceção do resultado por sexo. Este estudo fornece evidências relevantes sobre os determinantes individuais da tolerância à corrupção nas democracias da América Latina e, portanto, nos ajuda a compreender por que a corrupção é mais resistente em algumas sociedades do que em outras. Palavras-chave: Tolerância à corrupção. Latinobarômetro. Probit ordenado.
Corruption is conduct or practice that deviates from standard expectations in performing duties of the entrusted power. What is and is not perceived as corruption varies among individuals in space and time. There will always be a certain degree of permissiveness regarding corruption in society. This article focuses on the determinants of tolerance towards corruption at the individual level in Latin American democracies. In pursuit of this goal, we have calculated an ordered probit model using data from the 2020 latinobarometer. The analysis model suggests that men, in general, are more likely to have a lower tolerance towards corruption than women; that less- educated individuals are more likely to be more tolerant of corruption; and that higher levels of religious practice tend to be associated with tougher attitudes towards corruption. The results also show that employees of private companies are more likely to be more tolerant. Concerning the perceptions of the extent of corruption in the country over the past year, people who believe that corruption has increased or increased significantly in this period tend to be less tolerant of corruption. Those who are more satisfied with democracy are less likely to tolerate corruption. Trusting many national and international government institutions is associated with lower tolerance towards corruption, a similar result for individuals that prefer a free society. Compared with the year 2016, It can be noticed that the constraints of tolerance to corruption remained, except for the result by sex. This study provides relevant evidence on the individual-level determinants of tolerance towards corruption in Latin American democracies and, as a result, helps us understand why corruption is more resistant in some societies than in others. Keywords: Tolerance towards corruption. Latinobarometer. Ordered Probit.
Corruption is conduct or practice that deviates from standard expectations in performing duties of the entrusted power. What is and is not perceived as corruption varies among individuals in space and time. There will always be a certain degree of permissiveness regarding corruption in society. This article focuses on the determinants of tolerance towards corruption at the individual level in Latin American democracies. In pursuit of this goal, we have calculated an ordered probit model using data from the 2020 latinobarometer. The analysis model suggests that men, in general, are more likely to have a lower tolerance towards corruption than women; that less- educated individuals are more likely to be more tolerant of corruption; and that higher levels of religious practice tend to be associated with tougher attitudes towards corruption. The results also show that employees of private companies are more likely to be more tolerant. Concerning the perceptions of the extent of corruption in the country over the past year, people who believe that corruption has increased or increased significantly in this period tend to be less tolerant of corruption. Those who are more satisfied with democracy are less likely to tolerate corruption. Trusting many national and international government institutions is associated with lower tolerance towards corruption, a similar result for individuals that prefer a free society. Compared with the year 2016, It can be noticed that the constraints of tolerance to corruption remained, except for the result by sex. This study provides relevant evidence on the individual-level determinants of tolerance towards corruption in Latin American democracies and, as a result, helps us understand why corruption is more resistant in some societies than in others. Keywords: Tolerance towards corruption. Latinobarometer. Ordered Probit.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corrupção, Democracia - América Latina
Citação
LIEBERENZ, Thaysa Viana Almeida de. Tolerância à corrupção em democracias latino-americanas. 2022. 68 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia Aplicada) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.