Producción sostenible de cafetales en sistemas agroforestales del Neotrópico: una visión agrnómica y ecofisiológica
Arquivos
Data
2007-06-06
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Agronomía Colombiana
Resumo
Originario de regiones tropicales de África, el café evolucionó como especie leñosa del sub-bosque. Las primeras plantaciones de café fueron establecidas bajo condiciones de sombrío, en asocio con árboles de mayor altura con el fin de simular el hábitat natural del cafeto. Sin embargo, en muchas situaciones, las plantaciones de café a plena exposición presentan una productividad mayor que aquellas bajo sombrío; como consecuencia, el sombrío ha sido abandonado como una práctica cultural regular en muchas regiones productoras. Se ha discutido hace más de un siglo sí el sombrío favorece o no a las plantaciones de café en diferentes regiones productoras del mundo. En esta revisión se exploran y analizan aspectos agronómicos y eco-fisiológicos de la producción del cafeto bajo sombrío, en sistemas agro-forestales a plena exposición solar y, de manera particular, con Coffea arabica.
Coffee is native to tropical Africa, where it is believed to have evolved as understorey trees. For this reason, the early plantations were shaded by planting overstorey trees to simulate their natural habitat. It was found afterwards that, in many situations, coffee could grow well without shade and generally out-yields shaded coffee. These facts have led to the abandonment of shading as a regular cultural practice in several coffee regions throughout the world. Anyway, the question of whether the coffee tree would benefit or suffer from an association with shelter trees has been disputed for more than a century. In this review, agronomic and ecophysiological aspects of coffee (Coffea arabica) production under shade (agroforestry) or at full solar exposure are examined.
Coffee is native to tropical Africa, where it is believed to have evolved as understorey trees. For this reason, the early plantations were shaded by planting overstorey trees to simulate their natural habitat. It was found afterwards that, in many situations, coffee could grow well without shade and generally out-yields shaded coffee. These facts have led to the abandonment of shading as a regular cultural practice in several coffee regions throughout the world. Anyway, the question of whether the coffee tree would benefit or suffer from an association with shelter trees has been disputed for more than a century. In this review, agronomic and ecophysiological aspects of coffee (Coffea arabica) production under shade (agroforestry) or at full solar exposure are examined.
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Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Sombrío, Plena exposición solar, Intercambio gaseoso, Productividad