Modelagem da disseminação de rumores em sociedades ideologicamente polarizadas
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2022-08-29
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O espalhamento de rumores e conteúdos diversos estão cada vez mais presentes e preocupantes no mundo moderno, especialmente quando o conteúdo espalhado é desinformativo. Além disso, rumores frequentemente são afetados pelo alinhamento da população com relação ao conteúdo; podendo se espalhar melhor em algumas comunidades do que em outras e em especial se fo- rem compostas por indivíduos de opiniões fortemente polarizadas. Pesquisadores de diversas áreas se aventuram a estudar dinâmicas de opinião em populações diversas para observar como (ou se) consenso é atingido. Outro foco de pesquisa é a busca para entender como rumores se propagam por comunidades interconectadas, analogamente a um processo epidêmico. Exis- tem dois detalhes-chave para interações sociais que são pouco considerados na literatura do assunto: a topologia de redes polarizadas e os efeitos das opiniões dos agentes na propagação dos rumores. Nesta dissertação, propomos uma dinâmica de opinião em redes adaptativas, e subsequentes propagações de rumores ideológicos sobre elas. O uso de redes adaptativas per- mite que ligações sejam alteradas, afetando a topologia da rede de forma que reflita o estado de polarização de seus agentes. Já o que chamamos de rumores ideológicos é o acoplamento entre o conteúdo do rumor e a opinião dos agentes que o propagam. A topologia das redes adaptativas em grande parte formam comunidades representadas por redes altamente modulares. Elas tam- bém apresentam uma série de propriedades afetadas pela dinâmica de opinião, podendo estar em estados diferentes de consenso, polarização ou fragmentação. Um fenômeno de histerese para a dinâmica de opinião também é descrito. O impacto dos alinhamentos dos agentes de uma rede com relação ao rumor é ponto de foco deste estudo, tomando nota também de como a modularidade da rede afeta a propagação do rumor. Investigamos diversos tipos de acoplamento entre rumor e opinião, discutindo seus principais efeitos e como alguns deles podem amenizar as avenças de uma topologia modular. Medidas de percolação e permeabilidade são propostas e estudadas para a análise de como rumores que partem de um alinhamento extremo podem ter efeito em indivíduos de alinhamento oposto. Palavras-Chave: Redes Complexas. Dinâmicas de Opinião. Processos de Espalhamento. Sociofísica.
Though not exclusive to a modern society, rumor propagation and content spreading are be- coming ever so present and worrisome, specially when the spread content is disinformative. Additionally, rumors like such are frequently affected by whatever alignment the population has with relation to it; sometimes spreading more efficiently in a specific community instead of another and even more so if they are composed of strongly opinionated and polarized indivi- duals. Researchers of different areas study opinion dynamics in diverse populations to observe how (or if) consensus is reached. Another common focus of study is the wish to understand how rumors are spread through interconnected communities, analogous to an epidemic process. There are two key factors related to social interactions that are seldom considered in literature regarding this subject: networks of polarized structures, and the agent’s opinion and how it affects the rumors. So we propose using opinion dynamics in adaptive networks, and subse- quently studying how an ideological rumor spreads through it. By using adaptive networks, connections are allowed to alter themselves in a way that reflects their agent’s state of polari- zation. What we call an ideological rumor is a coupling between the rumor’s content and the opinion of the agents that are spreading it. The adaptive network’s topology in great part are composed of communities represented by networks with high modularity. There is also a di- verse series of properties that are affected by the underlying opinion dynamics, belonging to different possible states of consensus, polarization or fragmentation. An hysteresis phenomena is also described for the opinion dynamics. How the alignment between agent’s opinion and rumor alters the spreading dynamics is a point of focus for this study, also taking interest in how the network’s modular structure affects the rumor propagation. We investigate different types of coupling between rumor and opinion, discussing their main effects and how some of them can also thrive in a modular/polarized structure. Measures of permeation and percolation are proposed and studied for the analysis of how rumors originating from an extreme alignment can affect those of opposite alignment. Keywords: Complex Networks. Opinion Dynamics. Spreading Processes. Sociophysics.
Though not exclusive to a modern society, rumor propagation and content spreading are be- coming ever so present and worrisome, specially when the spread content is disinformative. Additionally, rumors like such are frequently affected by whatever alignment the population has with relation to it; sometimes spreading more efficiently in a specific community instead of another and even more so if they are composed of strongly opinionated and polarized indivi- duals. Researchers of different areas study opinion dynamics in diverse populations to observe how (or if) consensus is reached. Another common focus of study is the wish to understand how rumors are spread through interconnected communities, analogous to an epidemic process. There are two key factors related to social interactions that are seldom considered in literature regarding this subject: networks of polarized structures, and the agent’s opinion and how it affects the rumors. So we propose using opinion dynamics in adaptive networks, and subse- quently studying how an ideological rumor spreads through it. By using adaptive networks, connections are allowed to alter themselves in a way that reflects their agent’s state of polari- zation. What we call an ideological rumor is a coupling between the rumor’s content and the opinion of the agents that are spreading it. The adaptive network’s topology in great part are composed of communities represented by networks with high modularity. There is also a di- verse series of properties that are affected by the underlying opinion dynamics, belonging to different possible states of consensus, polarization or fragmentation. An hysteresis phenomena is also described for the opinion dynamics. How the alignment between agent’s opinion and rumor alters the spreading dynamics is a point of focus for this study, also taking interest in how the network’s modular structure affects the rumor propagation. We investigate different types of coupling between rumor and opinion, discussing their main effects and how some of them can also thrive in a modular/polarized structure. Measures of permeation and percolation are proposed and studied for the analysis of how rumors originating from an extreme alignment can affect those of opposite alignment. Keywords: Complex Networks. Opinion Dynamics. Spreading Processes. Sociophysics.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Redes (Matemática), Topologia, Redes sociais - Modelos matemáticos, Espalhamento (Matemática), Sociofísica
Citação
MAIA, Hugo Pereira. Modelagem da disseminação de rumores em sociedades ideologicamente polarizadas. 2022. 71 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2022.