A new species of Brachycephalus fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: brachycephalidae) from the cloud dwarf forest in southern mantiqueira mountain range
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Abstract
Brachycephalus é um gênero de anuros miniaturizados que habitam o folhiço, conhecidos como sapinhos-pingo-de-ouro ou sapos-pulga, endêmicos da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Nas últimas décadas, inúmeras espécies foram descritas, expandindo significativamente nosso entendimento sobre a riqueza e diversificação do gênero. Descrevemos aqui uma nova espécie do grupo de Brachycephalus ephippium da porção sudeste da Mata Atlântica, localizada no município de Lima Duarte, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. A descrição é sustentada por análises morfológicas, morfométricas e bioacústicas. Brachycephalus sp. nov. é distinguido de todos os congêneres pela combinação de corpo bufoniforme, coloração aposemática laranja e uma placa óssea dorsal hiperossificada, ornamentada e fortemente desenvolvida, além de placas cranianas cobertas por tecido cutâneo pigmentado acinzentado e tecido conjuntivo melanizado cobrindo a fáscia muscular do dorso, ventre e membros. Adicionalmente, a nova espécie é caracterizada pelo menor tamanho rostro-cloacal dos machos adultos (CRC = 12,98–15,68 mm) e por um canto de anúncio composto por uma única nota (7–10 pulsos) emitida a uma taxa de 3,74 notas/s, com frequência dominante de 3,3–4,1 kHz. Por fim, fornecemos comparações morfológicas com espécies congêneres, juntamente com uma breve descrição de aspectos de sua história natural, habitat e comportamento. Palavras-chave: Amphibia, Mata Atlântica, diversidade Neotropical, taxonomia.
Brachycephalus is a genus of miniature leaf-litter dwelling anurans, known as pumpkin-toadlets or flea-toadlets, endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In recent decades, numerous species have been described, significantly expanding our understanding of the genus's richness and diversification. Herein, we describe a new species of the Brachycephalus ephippium group from the southeastern Atlantic Forest, located in the municipality of Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The description is supported by morphological, morphometric, and bioacoustic analyses. Brachycephalus sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of a bufoniform body, aposematic orange coloration, and a heavily developed, ornamented, hyperossified dorsal bone shield and parotic plates covered by grayish pigmented skin and melanized connective tissue covering the muscular fascia of dorsum, venter and limbs. Additionally, the new species is characterized by small adult male size (SVL = 12.98–15.68 mm) and an advertisement call consisting of a single note (7–10 pulses) emitted at a rate of 3.74 notes/s with a dominant frequency of 3.3–4.1 kHz. Finally, we provide morphological comparisons with congeneric species alongside a brief description of its natural history, habitat, and behavior. Keywords: Amphibia, Atlantic Forest, Neotropical diversity, taxonomy.
Brachycephalus is a genus of miniature leaf-litter dwelling anurans, known as pumpkin-toadlets or flea-toadlets, endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. In recent decades, numerous species have been described, significantly expanding our understanding of the genus's richness and diversification. Herein, we describe a new species of the Brachycephalus ephippium group from the southeastern Atlantic Forest, located in the municipality of Lima Duarte, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The description is supported by morphological, morphometric, and bioacoustic analyses. Brachycephalus sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by the combination of a bufoniform body, aposematic orange coloration, and a heavily developed, ornamented, hyperossified dorsal bone shield and parotic plates covered by grayish pigmented skin and melanized connective tissue covering the muscular fascia of dorsum, venter and limbs. Additionally, the new species is characterized by small adult male size (SVL = 12.98–15.68 mm) and an advertisement call consisting of a single note (7–10 pulses) emitted at a rate of 3.74 notes/s with a dominant frequency of 3.3–4.1 kHz. Finally, we provide morphological comparisons with congeneric species alongside a brief description of its natural history, habitat, and behavior. Keywords: Amphibia, Atlantic Forest, Neotropical diversity, taxonomy.
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COTIM, Marília Rocha. A new species of Brachycephalus fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: brachycephalidae) from the cloud dwarf forest in southern mantiqueira mountain range. 2026. 40 f . Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação) - Ciências Biológicas – Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2026.
