Fatores associados ao padrão alimentar de nutrizes atendidas pelo programa de apoio à lactação
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Data
2023-03-08
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Introdução e objetivo: A lactação é o período que se inicia após o parto, juntamente ao puerpério. Sabendo que as escolhas alimentares durante esse período são cercadas de tabus, mitos, preconceitos, falsas crenças, além da possível influência dos fatores socioeconômicos e gestacionais, o presente estudo investigou quais desses fatores estão associados ao padrão alimentar de nutrizes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com dados de 397 mulheres acompanhadas pelo Programa de Apoio à Lactação (PROLAC), do município de Viçosa-MG, no primeiro ano de vida de seus filhos. O padrão alimentar foi determinado a partir das informações de um recordatório de ingestão habitual, sendo as análises realizadas no software Dietpro® versão 6.1. Para a identificação de padrões alimentares, foi aplicada a Análise fatorial por Componentes Principais (ACP). Ademais, foram coletadas, por meio de prontuários, informações socioeconômicas, gestacionais e o tipo de aleitamento materno praticado pela nutriz. Para avaliação dos fatores associados aos padrões alimentares das nutrizes, foi aplicada a análise de regressão linear múltipla hierarquizada. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas no programa Stata® versão 14.0. Resultados: Foram identificados cinco padrões alimentares, denominados “Tradicional”, “Não saudável”, “Saudável”, “Frutas” e “Carboidratos”, que representam de forma global a alimentação das nutrizes e explicaram 42,9% da variância de consumo. Observou-se que o maior número de filhos, ganho de peso gestacional excessivo, e ausência de um companheiro, relacionaram à maior adesão ao padrão “Tradicional”. O menor número de consultas pré-natal associou-se a maior adesão ao padrão “Não saudável”. Para o padrão “Frutas”, a idade materna apresentou associação positiva, enquanto o IMC pré-gestacional e a escolaridade materna apresentaram associação negativa à adesão a esse padrão. Por fim, o padrão “Carboidratos” associou-se positivamente à renda familiar e negativamente às intercorrências gestacionais. Conclusão: Os fatores socioeconômicos e demográficos (idade, escolaridade, renda familiar, presença de um companheiro e número de filhos) e os gestacionais (IMC pré-gestacional, ganho de peso gestacional, número de consultas pré-natal e intercorrências gestacionais) foram associados aos padrões alimentares da nutriz, destacando a importância e a necessidade de ações de educação alimentar e acompanhamento nutricional para esta população. Palavras-chave: Lactação. Gestação. Nutrição materna. Consumo alimentar. Contexto social.
Introduction and objective: The lactation is the period that begins after childbirth. Knowing that food choices during this period are surrounded by taboos, myths, prejudices, false beliefs, in addition to the possible influence of socioeconomic and gestational factors, the present study investigated which of these factors are associated with the dietary pattern of nursing mothers. Methods: This is a cross- sectional study, with data from 397 women followed by the Lactation Support Program (PROLAC), in the city of Viçosa-MG, in the first year of their children's lives. Dietary patterns were determined based on information from a habitual intake recall, with analyzes performed using the Dietpro® version 6.1 software. To identify dietary patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied. In addition, socioeconomic and gestational information and the type of breastfeeding practiced by the nursing mother were collected through medical records. To assess the factors associated with the dietary patterns of nursing mothers, hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata® version 14.0 software. Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, called “Traditional”, “Unhealthy”, “Healthy”, “Fruits” and “Carbohydrates”, which globally represent the diet of nursing mothers and explained 42.9% of the consumption variance. It was observed that the greater number of children, excessive gestational weight gain, and absence of a partner, were related to greater adherence to the “Traditional” pattern. The lower number of prenatal consultations was associated with greater adherence to the “Unhealthy” pattern. For the “Fruits” pattern, the higher the mother's education, the lower the adherence to this pattern, and the higher the age and the lower the pre-gestational BMI, the higher the score in this pattern. Finally, the “carbohydrates” pattern was positively associated with family income and negatively associated with gestational complications. Conclusion: Socioeconomic and demographic factors (age, education, family income, presence of a partner and number of children) and gestational factors (pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, number of prenatal consultations and gestational complications) were associated to the dietary patterns of nursing mothers, highlighting the importance and need for food education and nutritional monitoring actions for this population. Keywords: Lactation. Gestation. Maternal nutrition. Food consumption. Social context.
Introduction and objective: The lactation is the period that begins after childbirth. Knowing that food choices during this period are surrounded by taboos, myths, prejudices, false beliefs, in addition to the possible influence of socioeconomic and gestational factors, the present study investigated which of these factors are associated with the dietary pattern of nursing mothers. Methods: This is a cross- sectional study, with data from 397 women followed by the Lactation Support Program (PROLAC), in the city of Viçosa-MG, in the first year of their children's lives. Dietary patterns were determined based on information from a habitual intake recall, with analyzes performed using the Dietpro® version 6.1 software. To identify dietary patterns, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied. In addition, socioeconomic and gestational information and the type of breastfeeding practiced by the nursing mother were collected through medical records. To assess the factors associated with the dietary patterns of nursing mothers, hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was applied. Statistical analyzes were performed using Stata® version 14.0 software. Results: Five dietary patterns were identified, called “Traditional”, “Unhealthy”, “Healthy”, “Fruits” and “Carbohydrates”, which globally represent the diet of nursing mothers and explained 42.9% of the consumption variance. It was observed that the greater number of children, excessive gestational weight gain, and absence of a partner, were related to greater adherence to the “Traditional” pattern. The lower number of prenatal consultations was associated with greater adherence to the “Unhealthy” pattern. For the “Fruits” pattern, the higher the mother's education, the lower the adherence to this pattern, and the higher the age and the lower the pre-gestational BMI, the higher the score in this pattern. Finally, the “carbohydrates” pattern was positively associated with family income and negatively associated with gestational complications. Conclusion: Socioeconomic and demographic factors (age, education, family income, presence of a partner and number of children) and gestational factors (pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain, number of prenatal consultations and gestational complications) were associated to the dietary patterns of nursing mothers, highlighting the importance and need for food education and nutritional monitoring actions for this population. Keywords: Lactation. Gestation. Maternal nutrition. Food consumption. Social context.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lactação - Aspectos nutricionais, Puerpério - Nutrição, Puerpério - Aspectos sociais, Puerpério - Aspectos econômicos
Citação
PACHECO, Thaís de Melo. Fatores associados ao padrão alimentar de nutrizes atendidas pelo programa de apoio à lactação. 2023 80 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência da Nutrição) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa. 2023.