Tecnologia de Alimentos
URI permanente desta comunidadehttps://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/11783
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item The use of cashew apple residue as source of fiber in low fat hamburgers(Food Science and Technology, 2011-10) Ramos, Afonso Mota; Pinho, Lívia Xerez; Afonso, Marcos Rodrigues Amorim; Carioca, José Osvaldo Beserra; Costa, José Maria Correia daThe main purpose of this study was to produce hamburgers with partial substitution of the meat with cashew apple residue powder. The powder residue was obtained after the extraction of the pulp and dehydration in stove with air circulation. Three formulations of hamburgers with increasing concentration of the residue as well as a control sample were prepared. The formulated products with cashew apple residue powder presented lower humidity and proteins and 35% lipid reduction. However, there was an increase in carbohydrates and pH with the addition of the powder from the cashew apple residue. Some formulations showed an improvement of the final product yield. The total dietary fiber value was between 0 and 7.66%, with higher content of insoluble dietary fiber. The addition of up to 10.70% of the residue did not cause significant sensory changes in the flavor of the samples. The production of hamburgers with a partial substitution of cow meat with the cashew apple residue could be a feasible option since it resulted in product with high nutritional quality that is rich or have high dietary fiber content and is low in fat.Item Adição de extratos de Ginkgo biloba e Panax ginseng em néctares mistos de frutas tropicais(Food Science and Technology, 2010-04) Sousa, Paulo Henrique Machado de; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Maia, Geraldo Arraes; Brito, Edy Sousa de; Garruti, Deborah dos Santos; Fonseca, Ana Valquíria Vasconcelos daO estudo objetivou desenvolver formulações de néctares mistos de frutas tropicais, acrescidos de diferentes concentrações de extratos de Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng e misturas de Ginkgo biloba e Panax ginseng, avaliar características sensoriais, físico-químicas e químicas dos néctares selecionados. As formulações dos néctares tiveram a seguinte composição de polpa: caju (Anacardium occidentale), 12,25%; manga (Mangifera indica L), 21%; e acerola (Malpighia emarginata D.C.), 1,75%. Foram desenvolvidas diferentes formulações, com a adição dos extratos nas concentrações variando de 15 a 30 mg.100 mL-1 de néctar. A avaliação sensorial da impressão global, sabor e aroma foi feita por meio de teste de aceitação. Para as bebidas formuladas com Panax ginseng, somente o atributo sabor apresentou variação com o aumento da concentração do extrato. Para as bebidas acrescidas de Ginkgo biloba, observou-se um decréscimo linear para todos os atributos avaliados com o aumento da concentração do extrato. Para a mistura de extratos, não se observou variação das médias com o aumento da concentração dos extratos. Conclui-se que a adição de extrato de Panax ginseng até a concentração de 20 mg.100 mL-1 de néctar e a mistura dos extratos, em concentrações de 7,5 mg.100 mL-1 de néctar de cada extrato, apresentam boa aceitação sensorial. A adição dos extratos não afetou a composição química dos néctares que apresentaram quantidades elevadas de vitamina C, carotenoides, fenólicos totais e antocianinas.Item Propriedades reológicas de sucos mistos de manga, goiaba e acerola adicionados de fitoquímicos(Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 2013-01) Faraoni, Aurélia Santos; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Guedes, Danilo Bergamaschi; Moacir, Marcos Roberto; Pinto, RibeiroO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento reológico dos sucos mistos de manga, goiaba e acerola, adicionados de fitoquímicos, em sete temperaturas (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 e 70 ºC), e o efeito da temperatura na viscosidade aparente. As análises reológicas foram conduzidas em um reômetro de cilindros concêntricos, marca Brookfield, modelo R/S plus SST 2000. Os valores experimentais de tensão de cisalhamento versus taxa de deformação foram ajustados pelos modelos de Ostwald-de-Waele (Lei da Potência), Casson e Herschel-Bulkley. Observou-se que os três modelos apresentaram altos coeficientes de determinação (R2 > 0,978), indicando que qualquer um destes pode ser utilizado para descrever o comportamento reológico dos sucos, caracterizados como fluidos não newtonianos com características pseudoplásticas. O efeito da temperatura no comportamento reológico dos sucos foi descrito pela Equação de Arrhenius e foi possível observar um decréscimo no valor da viscosidade aparente com o aumento da temperatura.Item Indicação geográfica de alimentos e bebidas no Brasil e na União Europeia(Ciência Rural, 2012-03) Valente, Maria Emília Rodrigues; Perez, Ronaldo; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Chaves, José Benício PaesEntre os direitos relativos à propriedade intelectual, a indicação geográfica (IG) surge como um meio de fomentar o desenvolvimento socioeconômico de uma sociedade. Alguns países, especialmente os europeus, há tempos vêm utilizando a proteção jurídica proporcionada pelo registro das IGs como forma de tornar seus produtos mais competitivos e desenvolver regiões menos favorecidas. No Brasil, o tema é, ainda, recente e necessita ser melhor compreendido, razão pela qual é abordado nesta revisão.Item Modelagem matemática da secagem em camada delgada de bagaço de uva fermentado(Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 2012-06) Pirozi, Mônica Ribeiro; Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Dias; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Pereira, José Antônio MarquesO objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as características da secagem de bagaço de uva fermentado em secador com ar aquecido, avaliar a capacidade descritiva de conhecidos modelos matemáticos de secagem em camada delgada, e obter os valores de difusividade efetiva e a energia de ativação. Os experimentos de secagem foram conduzidos a 50, 60, 70, 80 e 90ºC, com a velocidade do ar de secagem de 1,0 m s-1. Foram comparados dez diferentes modelos matemáticos de secagem em camada delgada, de acordo com os valores do coeficiente de determinação (R2), qui-quadrado (χ2), raiz do quadrado médio residual (RQMR) e erro médio relativo (P), estimados pelas curvas de secagem. Os efeitos da temperatura de secagem nos coeficientes e nas constantes foram preditos pelos modelos de regressão. O modelo de Page modificado foi selecionado para representar o comportamento da secagem em camada delgada de bagaço de uva. Os valores médios da difusividade efetiva variaram de 1,0091 x 10-9 m2 s-1 a 3,0421 x 10-9 m2 s-1 nas temperaturas avaliadas. A dependência da difusividade efetiva pela temperatura foi descrita pela equação de Arrhenius, com o valor de energia de ativação de 24,512 kJ mol-1.Item Chromatic characteristics and color-related phenolic composition of Brazilian young red wines made from the hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (“BRS Rúbea” × “IAC 1398-21")(Food Research International, 2013-11) Ramos, Afonso Mota; Stringheta, Paulo César; Lago-Vanzela, Ellen Silva; Rebello, Ligia Portugal Gomes; Da-Silva, Roberto; García-Romero, Esteban; Gómez-Alonso, Sergio; Hermosín-Gutiérrez, IsidroThe color characteristics and the phenolic composition related to color of young red wines elaborated with the hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta, developed for its adaptation to sub-tropical climates in Brazil, have been studied. These wines are characterized with a deep red-purplish color, reaching color intensity averaging 24 units. In spite of being young red wines elaborated with short maceration time, their content in total polyphenols was very high (around 3692 mg/L, as gallic acid equivalents), especially when compared to similar Vitis vinifera young red wines. Within polyphenols, anthocyanins predominated (around 2037 mg/L, as malvidin 3,5-diglucoside equivalents) and they were almost exclusively anthocyanidin 3,5-glucosides (ca. 97%), mainly built from B-ring tri-substituted anthocyanidins (delphinidin > petunidin ≈ malvidin) and having high proportion of p-coumaroylated derivatives (ca. 28%) that confer higher stability. The content of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives was also remarkable (ca. 95 mg/L, as caffeic acid equivalents) and unknown glucose derivatives of p-coumaric acid accounted for ca. 42% of total HCAD. Finally, these found flavonols were mainly based on myricetin whereas kaempferol derivatives were missing, their total content being within the ranges usually found for V. vinifera wines, but reaching their top values (ca. 91 mg/L, as quercetin 3-glucoside equivalents). All the aforementioned data suggest that Violeta wine could be considered an important dietary source of healthy polyphenols with a moderate alcoholic content (ca. 11.6%).Item Morphological characterization of pequi extract microencapsulated through spray drying(International Journal of Food Properties, 2017) Alves, Aline Inacio; Rodrigues, Marcela Zonta; Pinto, Marcos Roberto Moacir Ribeiro; Vanzela, Ellen Silva Lago; Stringheta, Paulo César; Perrone, Ítalo Tuler; Ramos, Afonso MotaThis objective of this work was to produce spray-drying microencapsulated carotenoid extracts from pequi pulp using maltodextrin and gum arabic and to evaluate the influence of drying temperature on the physicochemical properties of microencapsulated extracts. Emulsions were spray-dried into powders at 150°C, 170°C, and 190°C. Morphological and physicochemical properties of the obtained product were investigated. The temperature of 190°C was that which best conserved the carotenoids and had the best observed solubility. The microspheres produced by spray drying presented an average size of 20 µm. Neither morphological nor color differences were observed for particles dried at different temperatureItem Phenolic composition of the berry parts of hybrid grape cultivar BRS Violeta (BRS Rubea × IAC 1398-21) using HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS(Food Research International, 2013-11) Rebello, Ligia Portugal Gomes; Lago-Vanzela, Ellen Silva; Barcia, Milene Teixeira; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Stringheta, Paulo César; Da-Silva, Roberto; Castillo-Muñoz, Noelia; Gómez-Alonso, Sergio; Hermosín-Gutiérrez, IsidroThe grape is considered a major source of phenolic compounds when compared to other fruits and vegetables, however, there are many cultivars with distinct characteristics directly linked to phenolic profile. Thus, the present study aimed to identify and quantify, for the first time and in detail, the phenolic compounds present in the skin, flesh and seeds of BRS Violeta grape berry using combination of SPE methodologies and analytical HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS. The study was extended to the different berry parts and the most important grape and wine phenolic families, and has revealed interesting features. Violeta grape has a very thick skin (46% of grape weight) that accumulated the most of grape phenolic compounds: great amount of anthocyanins (3930 mg/kg, as malvidin 3,5-diglucoside), together with also important amounts of flavonols (150 mg/kg, as quercetin 3-glucoside), hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCAD; 120 mg/kg, as caftaric acid), and proanthocyanidins (670 mg/kg, as (+)-catechin); in contrast, it seems to be a low resveratrol producer. Violeta grape seeds accounted for similar proportions of low molecular weight flavan-3-ols (mainly monomers; 345 mg/kg, as (+)-catechin) and proanthocyanidins (480 mg/kg, as (+)-catechin). Violeta grape is a teinturier cultivar, but it only contained traces of anthocyanins and low amounts of all the other phenolic types in its red-colored flesh. The anthocyanin composition of Violeta grape was dominated by anthocyanidin 3,5-diglucosides (90%). Within flavonols, myricetin-type predominated and kaempferol-type was missing. In addition to expected hydroxycinnamoyl-tartaric acids, several isomeric esters of caffeic and p-coumaric acids with hexoses were tentatively identified, accounting for relevant proportions within the pool of HCAD. Although pending of further confirmation over successive vintages, the aforementioned results suggest that BRS Violeta grape cultivar could be considered an interesting candidate for the elaboration of highly colored and antioxidant-rich grape juices and wines.Item Rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of xanthan gum containing different chloride salts are impacted by both sizes and net electric charges of the cations(Food Biophysics, 2018-03-27) Galván, Zoila Rosa Nieto; Soares, Lucas de Souza; Medeiros, Eber Antonio Alves; Soares, Nilda de Fátima Ferreira; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Coimbra, Jane Sélia dos Reis; Oliveira, Eduardo Basílio deXanthan gum (XG) is one of the most effective thickener agents used worldwide. In foods products, one of the factors affecting its physical properties is the ionic strength of the medium. Though it is well known that XG rheological properties in aqueous media depend on both type and concentration of electrolytes, correlations between such dispersion properties and molecular aspects of dispersed XG chains are still to be more deeply studied. Thus, in the present study, aqueous XG dispersions [200 mg⋅(100 mL)^−1] added of Na, K, Mg or Ca chlorides (ionic strength 50 mM or 100 mM) were rheologically characterized, and the corresponding results were explained based on different physicochemical analyses. Comparing to the control (unsalted XG dispersion), KCl and CaCl2 tended to produce a more drastic decrease of apparent viscosities of XG dispersions than NaCl and MgCl2. In dynamic-oscillatory assays, the predominance of elastic character over viscous character was more evident for XG dispersions containing KCl and CaCl2, in particular at frequencies > 0.1 Hz. XG dispersions containing KCl or CaCl2 also presented smaller pH and |ζ-potentials| values, as well as greater densities and average hydrodynamic diameters of dispersed XG chains, when compared to respective counterparts containing NaCl or MgCl2. As the decreasing order of the cations radii is K+ > Ca2+ ≈ Na+ > Mg2+, our results allowed deducing that not only the net electric charges of the cations, but also their sizes, should be considered when analyzing the effect of chloride salts on rheological properties of XG aqueous dispersions, according to the desired for this hydrocolloid (weak thickener, strong thickener or pro-gelling agent).Item Physicochemical aspects of chitosan dispersibility in acidic aqueous media: effects of the food acid counter-anion(Food Biophysics, 2016-12) Amorim, Matheus Lopes; Ferreira, Gabriel Max Dias; Soares, Lucas de Souza; Soares, Wanessa Aparecida dos Santos; Ramos, Afonso Mota; Coimbra, Jane Sélia dos Reis; Silva, Luís Henrique Mendes da; Oliveira, Eduardo Basílio deDifferences in formation of colloidal dispersions of chitosan in aqueous solutions of citric acid or lactic acid (25, 50 or 100 mM) were quantitatively studied. Protonation enthalpies, electrical conductivity and ζ-potential measurements were additionally undertaken, aiming at better understanding these differences at a molecular level. In dispersion kinetics assays, experimental data were well fitted (R2 > 0.9; MAPE < 4 %) by a first-order kinetics model with two terms - one accounting for the fast, direct dispersion of biopolymers chains and another accounting for the slow dispersion of chains from lumps. In all cases, maximal dispersibility was reached after about 20−30 min of stirring. For both acids, the higher the acid concentration in the medium, the higher was the chitosan dispersibility. At a given acid concentration, chitosan showed higher dispersibility in lactic acid than in citric acid solutions. Protonation of chitosan -NH2 groups was strongly exothermic, with ΔH values three times higher for citric acid (triprotic) than lactic acid (monoprotic) (ΔH = −120 kJ∙mol- 1 and ΔH = −40 kJ∙mol- 1, respectively), indicating that chitosan -NH2 protonation itself was not dependent on the type of acid. However, the electrical conductivity of suspensions of powdered chitosan in water evolved differently as these systems were titrated with citric or acid lactic. With citric acid, electrical conductivity remained virtually constant for acid concentration < of 15 mM, and then increased linearly as the acid concentration increased until 75 mM. Instead, with lactic acid, electrical conductivity progressively increased with increasing of acid concentration from 0 to 75 mM. The ζ-potential of chitosan dispersed particles was +28.5 mV and +52.1 mV in dispersions containing 10 mM of citric and lactic acids, respectively. The conjoint analysis of data from physicochemical analyses suggested that, contrarily to lactate anions, citrate anions bind more strongly on the electrical double layer of protonated, positively charged chains of chitosan, diminishing the inter-chains electrostatic repulsion, thus leading to a lower dispersibility of this polysaccharide in aqueous solutions of citric acid, compared to equimolar solutions of lactic acid.